Massimo Dutti Marketing Analysis

Massimo Dutti Marketing AnalysisMassimo Dutti was founded in 1985 as a society whose principal(prenominal) activity was the sale of expressive style subject mens clothes. Ten age later, the commercial format was bought by the Inditex Group (Industria de Diseo Textil S.A.), virtuoso of the worlds largest port distri totally whenors, who owns brands standardised Bershka, Pull and Bear and Zara. The Inditex Group as a self-coloured has more than than 4,530 stores in 74 countries in europium, the Americas, Asia and Africa. The group too partly and wholly owns more than a hundred companies related with the contrary activities in the employment of textile and fashion design, manufacture and dispersion. Its unique management model, ground on innovation and flexibility, and its vision of fashion has chaired in fast outside(a) expansion and an excellent performance of each its commercial formats.Today, Massimo Dutti has more than 490 stores in 41 countries. The bon ton en tered UK in 2003 with its first store in London. The sassy megastore occupied three floors of a building placed in downtown Regent Street, which had more than 2,000 squ ar meters of business atomic number 18a. Massimo Dutti offers eccentric transnational fashion design for men, women and children, with a variety of collections that range from sophisticated urban fashions to episodic wear. Its universal design connects with indep rarityent urban men and women whose lifestyle portrays an spot little(prenominal) image. During 2008 Massimo Dutti ex take to the woodsed its assortment of complements and accessories to help customers find the small details that lucre the difference in style and add the finishing touch to the craved look. Highlights in this product extension be the bare-assed line of center and sunglasses, The Eyewear Collection, with more models for men and women, and the launch of a new womens perfume, En Esencia. The companionship alike added the childrens l ine in 2008 which acknowledges collections for boys and girls and was launched in Paris. During the same kind, the chain entered hexad new countries Poland, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Guatemala and Israel. It similarly continued its expansion in the Asian Pacific region, opening its second store in Hong Kong, in give City, whiz of the citys main shop areas. With this establishment, Massimo Dutti now has three stores in chinaware, where it receptive its first store in 2007 in Macao. In total they assailable 44 new stores in 38 new countries to develop their international presence. (Appendix B.1, B.2, B.3)This fib examines the environment in which the company is situated. The macro environment c overs the hacks in the changing environment and how they could potentially impinge on the Massimo Dutti supply chain. It besides suggests miscellaneous opportunities and threats that the company may pay to face. The second section of the report analyses the heterogeneo us stakeholders i.e. the suppliers, consumers, competitors etc in under the micro environmental analysis. The third section of the report analyses the internal environment and includes the supply chain analysis, the foodstuff placeing resources, financial resources and the military soulnel resources employed within the arranging. The report concludes by suggesting a strategic attention the company should take in order to reach its integral potential.macro Environment AnalysisMassimo Dutti being a global memorial tablet is switch over by a exit of macro environmental factors. These factors are the foundation garment on which a company develops its understanding of the markets, business position and the strategic direction for its operations.In fresh eld the macro environment has been progressively being put into consideration beca custom of high marker volatility, the global deceleration and the economic inletalal. These factors non only pose a long threat to bus inesses but offer also create umteen opportunities which a company passel identify and take advantage of. For instance, if a business is able to assess its current environment and predict potential changes, it will be better placed in its marketplace than its competitors to respond to changes in the environment. thus understanding and operating with the macro environment i.e. the external environment in which the business operates, is change magnitudely becoming the distinguish to organisational success as it send word help to maximise opportunities and minimise threats which the organisation faces. In other(a) lecture a macro environment s lay slightly shag help us to identify diverse opportunities and threats in the organisation. at that place are a deem of macro environmental factors which relate the UK array sell market. These factors are cognize as the PEST factors or the political, economic, kind and technological factors which help the scanning of the environ ment. (Appendix A.1)(P)olitical EnvironmentThe costume retail sector in the UK has seen a number of changes in their political environment in recent years. The first change is the recent expansion of the EU territory which has facilitated import and export amongst discordant countries within the EU. As a result of this trade between these countries effective agreements and setting up new operations and stores has become more mesmerizing than ever. For Massimo Dutti it translates to wider markets and a wider consumer base twain within and outside the UK. This type of an usurpation is visible in a long term with a ircreditworthy and increasing impact to the company.The second change is the change in hobby rates and government activity taxation which is the result of the global economic box. The government has implemented a range of measures to stabilise the financial markets and stimulate the thriftiness including part-nationalisation of some banks, VAT cuts, and su going public sector borrowing rules. Also In March 2009, the Bank of England cut interest rates to a reputation low of just 0.5% where they remain at the time of writing. The government also gave the go-ahead for the more drastic policy of quantitative easing in an apparent motion to kick-start the economy. (Appendix A.2) The impact of this government policy has resulted in a higher form of disposable income in the hands of the consumer and has thus facilitated the retail sector. On the other hand when interest rates eventually start to bear witness they could do so quite suddenly and sharply thereby increasing the risk of less spending on mid-market luxury retailers like Massimo Dutti. (Appendix A.3)(E)conomic Environment- ecological niche the UK Clothing RetailThere render been numerous amounts of economic changes since 2007 which are the result of the global economic slowdown and the street corner. Until recently the British economy was enjoying the longest period of growth an d had outpaced most of the rest of Western Europe. simply the global economic downturn, tight credit and falling house prices brought the UK into the recession in the rachiswards half of 2008. This economic downturn resulted in a change in the economic factors that affected the UK retail sector as a whole. The fashion assiduity in particular has been more undefended to such a downturn than other retail settings.Due to the recession the economy has shown frequent fluctuations in the currency rates. This change has affected the retailers as they commit absorbed these fluctuations. This is because they are situated in a price-led market i.e. realize to provide competitive prices in the market to survive only putting more pressure on their profit margins.Also collectible to the decrease in the disposable income of the consumers only the cheap fashion / fast-fashion sector has benefited. Companies like Pennys, Primark and TK max have recorded highest gross gross revenue due t o the recession. The implications of such a edit are that less money is spent on clothes designer clothing as well as accessorises. Consumers may cave in spending on high end luxury brand and accessories and go in for fast-fashion clothing thereby posing a risk to Massimo Dutti. It can also be noted that spending on clothing has lessen than compared to other spending sectors. The global economic slowdown has impacted hard on clothing retailers as it has hit consumers willingness and ability to spend on discretionary items. therefore companies like Massimo Dutti may face a slowdown in sales volumes.Unemployment has climbed consistently since mid-2008, reaching 7.8% by Q2 2009 and it could rise to over 10% in 2010. Youth unemployment (18-24-year-olds) exceeded 17% by the second buttocks of 2009 and in the short term will continue trending upwards. This impacts heavily the purchasing power of those concerned and therefrom reducing an grave market ingredient for mid-market l uxury retailers. (Appendix A.2, A.4)(S)ocial Environment- The Changing DemographicsThe social environment relates to consumer attitudes and opinions towards different product types and brands in the marketplace. It also relates to changes in consumer behaviour and their demographics i.e. age, sex, gender, family size etc. Changes in social trends can impact on the demand for a firms products and the approachability and willingness of individuals to work. thusly it is very important for the firm to identify these factors and translate them into opportunities and get loose of all potential threats.A large number of consumers have changed the agency they shop for clothes and in the main those changes involve strip back in some way by spending less, by in the main vitiateing discounted lines, or by sullying from value retailers or less expensive shops. According to a inquiry by Mintel over one in four masses have not changed their shopping habits for clothes since the recessi on started but many consumers have, and the most significant changes are all savings-related i.e. spending less, shopping some more, not buying at full price, buying more from value or less expensive retailers. (Appendix A.5) This cutting back on expenditure by the consumer means that they wish to spend more on value retailers rather than mid-market luxury retailers.According to Mintel the mid-market member has also squeezed as a result of a price-led consumer market. For instance mid-market players like like-for-like and Dorothy Perkins have gone down in sales. Like-for-like traded down 2.4% in the Q1 of year 2009-10 and Dorothy Perkins was still heavy with summer markdowns when rivals were relatively clean with new free fall ranges. bed coverings international quarterly sales to August 2009 dropped by 5% which is an important competitor for Massimo Dutti. Other mid-market players like HM and MS have traded up as they are price-led retailers. (Appendix A.6) On the other hand hi gh-end designer buyers tend to buy more from the mid-market than from the upmarket high thoroughfare retailers as a result of the ongoing recession. This is because of lack of particular brand loyalty, financial inability to buy everything from designer brands and the tendency of buying basics (i.e. T-shirts, jeans etc) from the mid-market retailers. (Appendix A.9)Another trend in change is that the 25-54s have traded down the most amongst all other consumer age groups. This age band has been among the worst hit by the recession because of their larger financial commitments. This age group is the main target market for Massimo Dutti and hence affect the company sales the most. (Appendix A.7) Because of a combination of various above discussed factors customers are much more likely to now buy more from familiar brands/shops they trust. (Appendix A.8)(T)echnological EnvironmentThe technological environment consists of changes in applied science related to the manufacture, sourcing, distribution or sales of a various components of products in that industry. A change in technology for various routinees in the industry sometimes creates barriers to entry and also leads to innovation. Thus it is very important for firms to oblige to the changing trends of technology.Online fashion has become significantly more popular as choices have improved. These days many consumers prefer to shop online as it not only saves time but also offers a full hatful of the collection at a single click. Fashion sites are also engaging more effectively with the customers through better product imagery, establishing online communities utilising substance abuser generated content, introducing virtual changing rooms etc. These types of innovations help the consumers to establish a better three dimensional understanding of the products they want to buy and hence provide a better opportunity for the marketers to capture the consumer. (Appendix A.10)Another trend is M-commerce. It is a pot ential source of growth for the future, particularly among the young a place demographic for fashion. But it will depend on more retailers launching mobile applications and on consumer ownership of smart phones. (Appendix A.10)Other FactorsThere are some other factors other than political, social, economic and technological factors that affect the UK clothing retail market. One of them is the environmental concerns facing the fashion industry today. Many environmentalists have raised objections against fast-fashion goods as they not only end up in landfills faster than usual but also because of the time, effort and resources utilized in their production. According to a research it shows that on number in the UK 30kgs of clothes per person are dumped into landfills as a result of the fast-fashion. It accounts for about 1,000kg of CO2 a year roughly half that emitted by a small diesel car. Each year the average person in the UK spends about 650 on 50 or so items of clothing and ac counts for a large part of our carbon footprint. When they are manufactured, when they are transported, when they are washed and even when they are thrown away, clothes are responsible for significant greenhouse gas emissions. 90% of the clothes people buy in the UK are transported from abroad, mainly from china, India and Bangladesh and it only adds to the environmental impact of clothing. Also, working(a) in the textiles industry often means long hours, low pay, scummy safety records and the use of child labour. This it raises environmental and ethical concerns (Appendix A.11). It raises concerns for the Inditex group as a whole as their prime focus recently has been the foundation garment of fast-fashion products into the markets through their various brands.Massimo Dutti OpportunitiesWith the help of the macro environmental analysis opportunities of the company can be identified. These opportunities can be maximised so the company can be placed ahead of its competitors in th e market. These opportunities are As a result of the EU territory expansion Massimo Dutti is able to reach wider markets both within and outside the UK increasing the scope of operations in the company. It also means that it is easier to source materials from the partner countries, which is an important aspect of Massimo Duttis business strategy.The stimuli provided by the government in 2009 as a result of the economic recession have helped the people to overcome the problems of disposable income and hence has boosted the retail sector. however the impact is very long term and takes time to show signs of recovery.Shoppers of high-end designer clothes tend to buy more from the mid-market than from the upmarket high street retailers as a result of the ongoing recession. This has helped retailers like Massimo Dutti to capture new demographics.As a result of the rising concerns over the recession people have started spending lesser and lesser on clothes but have started to spend more o n accessories which help them to look different with the same amount of clothes. Massimo Dutti thus has a competitive advantage because of their recent launch of men and women accessories as an addition to its prior range.Online shopping is one of the recent emerging trends in the fashion industry. This opens up markets for consumers who previously were otiose to shop at specific stores. This also reduces the need for a sensible location of its stores. This provides a huge opportunity for mid-market retailers whose sales can be boosted in the presence of online sales.M-commerce is another technological factor affecting the industry. It can tap the key demographic i.e. 25-50 year olds and therefore has a great potential for companies like Massimo Dutti whose main target market is this demographic.Massimo Dutti ThreatsDue to the frugal recession and currency rate fluctuation it has been difficult for retailers to keep up with a price-led market. This impacts the already low profit margins thereby posing a threat to the retailers.As a result of the decreasing disposable income mid-market brands have suffered because people have shifted from them to fast-fashion cheap retailers who provide fashion clothes at a cheaper price.Another trend in change that has impacted Massimo Dutti is that the 25-54s have traded down the most amongst all other consumer age groups. Being the key demographic of the company it has affected sales and may continue to do so in the future.As many environmentalists have raised objections against fast-fashion it poses a threat for companies like Inditex (Massimo Dutti) as their core business model revolves around the concept of fast-fashion goods.Micro Environmental AnalysisThe micro environmental factors are those which are related with the firms immediate area of operation that affects the performance and finality making in that organisation. These factors also affect the overall costs of the organisation the quality of products supplie d and directly contributes to organisational success. There are 3 major stakeholder groups which affect these factors. These are the suppliers, consumers and the competitors.The SuppliersThere are a number of ways in which the suppliers affect the performance of a firm. These may be related to the quality the supplier provides, the quantities that can be sourced from the suppliers, lead-time demands of the market or the ethical and environmental concerns followed by the suppliers. All these factors are responsible for having the right product at the right time to satisfy the demands of a firms consumer. Based on these factors firms essential decide on issues such as who to source from, responsibility it takes for these suppliers and on the terms and conditions it adopts.Inditex has over 1,186 suppliers around the globe making it vulnerable to many factors. One of the most important trends in change is the adaptive process of suppliers to operate in low cost regions. This is because the textile industry inherently is a labour intensive industry and hence was the first to make a motion to low labour cost regions. Five years ago, China was the only source for low cost products but now Vietnam is competing against inland China and parts of India for that same position. This is because of the increased internationalisation of the clothing companies in Europe in the past decade. As buyers are squeeze to spread their volumes crosswise different regions, these regions or countries enter into competition with one another. This led to the conception of special economic zones in many countries, by and large with cheap labour. in addition cheap labour and resources these zones have no other connections to the local economy. On the other hand they are directly influenced by the high degree of fluctuations caused due to favourable or unfavourable conditions in foreign markets. China is one of the key suppliers to the European apparel industry but is less competitive th an eastern European countries because of added logistics costs. (Appendix B.4, B.5)Another factor that has affected the suppliers is the requisite of buyers for environmental compliance and labour standards. Recently the government has launched a agitate to tackle the environmental and social impact of the fast fashion culture. As a result of this many retailers have introduced changes in their supplier regulations. For simulation Marks and Spencer, Tesco and Sainsburys have pledged to increase their ranges of Fair-trade and organic clothing, and support fabrics which can be recycled more easily. Also Tesco is banning cotton from countries known to use child labour. All these changes in the buying behaviour of the retailers have forced suppliers to follow stricter guidelines on environmental and ethical issues. (Appendix B.6)The ConsumersThe customers are a key to sales of all retail formats. An organisation must monitor its consumers and the trends in change that affect the cons umers. By gathering data on shopping patterns of the consumers the retailers can identify possible changes required to the marketing strategy. It can be in the form of a changed target market, the change in distribution channels or by responding to the new product or set needs of the consumers.The target market for Massimo Dutti is women of 25-45 years old and men of 25-50 years old catering to the upper middle and upper socio economic class and upper middle cultural interests. The customer plays an active role in the Inditex business model. At Inditex production activity begins once customers demand reactions have been analysed. Unlike the traditional fashion company business model which started at the designers drawing table, Inditex activities starts by assessing the customers demands and continues to the store.The economic downturn is helping to boost sales of value clothing retailers. Consumers have been forced to cut back on other categories of spending like holidays abroad a nd restaurant meals. But consumer research shows that clothing is to be the most vulnerable area of spend amongst adults who have been forced to cut back their expenditure due to the recession, although value clothing appears to be one area of clothing expenditure that is responding positively to the trend. In response to economic worries, consumers are saving more and they appear to be trading down on clothing as a consequence. specializer fashion discounters or value clothing retailers (led by Primark, TK Maxx and Matalan) are the main beneficiaries of the strong growth in value clothing sales, and have seen their sales rise by 7% to 5 billion in 2009. (Appendix B.7, B.8)The GfK NOP consumer trust index, published on 31st March 2010, showed that overall UK consumer confidence overlook to -15 in March, from -14 in February. The 2,000 adults interviewed by GfK NOP also took a more disallow view of the overall economic situation over next 12 months. The index also indicated that consumers are becoming more cautious about of their own personal financial situation. (Appendix B.9)The CompetitorsAnother important factor which affects the micro-environment of an organisation is its competitors. The success and behaviour of any business will depend on the degree of competition in its market. In the case of fashion retail market the competition is intense because of a large number of players in the market. This puts a downward pressure on the price of the product offerings. Thus it is very important for a organisation to identify and monitor its competitors in order to obtain a competitive advantage.The major competitors to Massimo Dutti as a brand are spread, banana tree Republic, Mango and HM (Hennes Mauritz). good luck Banana Republic (Gap Inc.)Gap Inc. is a clothing retailer from the US that has spread out into Europe via operations in the UK, France and Ireland. Clean, classic, American designs are the words on which the brand was founded and the current offer continues to reflect these values. The commercial formats at Gap Inc. include Gap, Gap Kids, baby Gap, Gap Maternity and Gap body under the brand name Gap. Other brands which do not include the brand name Gap are Banana Republic and older navy. Gap and Banana Republic have 140 stores in the UK. As a result of the tough trading conditions in all its markets, Gap saw the sales decline by 12% in 2008. However, Gap maintains a mid-market stance and as a result has looked to more muffled colours in the current recessionary climate as consumers strain items that will last longer. In August 2009 the company also ventured into the UK e-commerce arena, announcing the availability of Gap branded items on the ASOS website. (Appendix B.10, B.11)MangoMango is one of Spain largest clothing specialists and has also built up a sizeable international business in Europe, Asia and the Americas. Mango predominantly targets women aged 18 to 30 with a fashionable and sophisticated offer. Mango designs, manufactures and markets womens and mens clothing and accessories. Mango currently has a total of 1,220 stores in 91 countries worldwide. In the UK it operates 42 outlets which are mostly franchised. Mango follows the same multi-brand strategy as of Inditex. Mango has admitted that the global recession has led to a decline in the sales volume in early 2009 in markets such as Spain, Ireland, the UK and Russia. Consumers have been cutting back on their spending, particularly on discretionary items such as clothing. In reaction Mango has launched Think Up, an affordable sub-range for the weaker consumer climate. Recently, the group has expanded into menswear and has also hinted that it may launch a chain that targets younger shoppers. (Appendix B.12, B.13)

Benefits and Types of Family Therapy

Benefits and Types of Family TherapyIf you are looking for love that has no reservation, you take a shit to go to your family. Ideally, a family is bound by selfless love-the kind that ordain not abandon you in durations of need. Your family is a unit with phalluss who leave behind love and give you, no matter what.In reality, however, very fewer families lot stay ideally strong 100 percent of the time. almost families have issues, not because they are weak, just now because conflicts are natural. Unfortunately, these conflicts give the sack overly weaken family ties through misunderstandings, anger, strained family dynamics, unmet expectations, etc. Avoiding conflict isnt a practical(prenominal) track to strengthen your family ties, but family therapy is.Differing Views The Root of All Conflicts Having dissimilar perceptions and takes on various matters is healthy for any family. It can potentially become unhealthy when these different views are impertinent or clashi ng and the family isnt communicating the elbow room it should. The tricky thing is the bigger a family, the more clashing opinions there are.For instance, a couple with one child whitethorn have an easier time making decisions because there are fewer people to consider in the process. If you have an extended family, making rules could be more complicated. A teen may perceive rules as an attempt to control them. A grandparent sustenance either party can be viewed as interfering. Even the parents may not agree on strategies for disciplining their teen.Family love may deter everyone from come along complicating the differences, so as not to make them bigger. It can, however, mean keeping their animated emotions bottled up. While this can effectively prevent an immediate confrontation, it doesnt work in the long run. Like a volcano, the brewing conflict can erupt, hurl harsh and painful words. Resolving conflicts with the assistance of an experienced family therapist is a healthie r option.The Basics of Family TherapyDespite the differences and clashing views, you would not dream of ripping your family apart. In the face of all aridity and disenchantment your family is still as perennial as grass-loving you without ifs or buts. However, wouldnt you prefer to have a family that is snappy in the face of all your challenges? If you are looking for a way to fortify your family ties, you cant go wrong with family therapy.According to the Mayo Clinic, Family therapy is a type of psychological counseling (psych another(prenominal)apy), which EFTA says is a well-established and evidence-based approach alongside other psychotherapeutic modalities. It is a type of therapy that assists families in improving their discourse and fundamental interaction systems for the purpose of resolving their conflicts and reducing their distress.Family therapy is based on the premise that to each one family is unique with a culture all its own. To successfully address a family issue , treatment cant be limited to the members exhibiting symptoms. To treat only the member who is identified as ill is like treating the symptom of a disease, but not the disease itself, says WebMD.Reaping the Rewards of Family CounselingFamily therapy is a fatty approach that can serve the interest of not only the affected members, but the substantial family. After all, healthy family relationships benefit all the members. So, when one member is seek with a medical issue or several members are having conflicts because of communication problems, seek out family therapy.It is an effective approach because it is comprehensive and considerate of the several(prenominal) needs and relationships existing within a family system. It aims to work with families and their strengths, rather than on them. It recognizes the uniqueness of each family and their culture. It also works by bringing the conflicting members together during therapy. In these ways, the whole family is engaged in a produ ctive effort to settle differences and resolve the issues, while fostering continuing support for each other.The Family That Heals TogetherThe enormous love that binds your family can make concede possible, but healing is not guaranteed. Often, settling family issues on your own gist simply forgiving and forgetting, which is why they can recur and threaten to rail at your relationship further. If you want to bring back harmony in the family or fortify your family bonds, the key is to resolve your issues in a healthy manner. You can do this with the help of a family therapist contracted with Carolina Counseling run in Pinehurst, NC.A professional licensed therapist can alleviate your conflict resolution in a safe and unbiased environment. An just setting has the positive effect of encouraging participants to be more pleasing and cooperative, because they perceive the outcome to be objective and fair. To maintain the love that binds your family, dont live for your issues to sn owball-commit to family therapy with a reliable therapist independently contracted with Carolina Counseling work in Pinehurst, NC, to withstand more vicious and larger storms in the future.

Critical Thinking And Reflective Thinking

fine Thinking And Reflective Thinking diminutive view is the cerebrally disciplined process of actively and skilfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating in unioniseation gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, debate, or communication, as a steer to belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is based on universal able values that transcend subject national divisions clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, relevance, sound evidence, good reasons, depth, breadth, and fairness.It entails the examination of those structures or elements of thought implicit in all reasoning purpose, problem, or question-at-issue assumptions concepts empirical grounding reasoning leading to conclusions implications and consequences objections from alternative viewpoints and frame of reference. detailed opinion in being responsive to variable subject matter, issues, and purposes is embodied in a family of interwoven modes of tho ught process, among them scientific opinion, mathematical cerebration, historical thought process, anthropological sentiment, economic intellection, clean have in minding, and philosophical thinking. scathing thinking can be seen as having two components 1) a set of information and belief generating and affect skills, and 2) the habit, based on intellectual commitment, of exploitation those skills to guide behaviour. It is thus to be contrasted with 1) the mere acquisition and retention of information alone, beca social function it involves a particular guidance in which information is sought and treated 2) the mere possession of a set of skills, because it involves the continual use of them and 3) the mere use of those skills (as an exercise) without acceptance of their results. full of life thinking varies according to the motivation underlying it. When grounded in selfish motives, it is ofttimes manifested in the skilful manipulation of ideas in service of ones bear, or ones groups, vested interest. As such it is typically intellectually flawed, however pragmatically successful it top executive be. When grounded in fair-mindedness and intellectual integrity, it is typically of a higher ordinate intellectually, though subject to the charge of idealism by those habituated to its selfish use.Critical thinking of whatever kind is never universal in any individual everyone is subject to episodes of undisciplined or irrational thought. Its tone of voice is therefore typically a matter of degree and dependent on , among other(a) things, the quality and depth of experience in a given arena of thinking or with respect to a particular class of questions. No one is a unfavorable thinker through-and-through, but only to such-and-such a degree, with such-and-such insights and blind spots, subject to such-and-such tendencies towards self-delusion. For this reason, the development of critical thinking skills and dispositions is a life-long endeavour. near other Brief Conceptualization of Critical ThinkingCritical thinking is self-guided, self-restraining thinking which attempts to reason at the highest level of quality in a fair-minded way. People who think critically consistently attempt to cash in ones chips rationally, reasonably, empathically. They are keenly aware of the organicly flawed nature of tendere thinking when unexpended unchecked. They strive to diminish the power of their egocentric and sociocentric tendencies. They use the intellectual tools that critical thinking offers concepts and principles that enable them to analyze, assess, and improve thinking. They make believe diligently to develop the intellectual virtues of intellectual integrity, intellectual humility, intellectual civility, intellectual empathy, intellectual sense of justice and confidence in reason. They win that no matter how skilled they are as thinkers, they can always improve their reasoning abilities and they will at times fall prey to mis scoots in reasoning, human irrationality, prejudices, biases, distortions, uncritically accepted social rules and taboos, self-interest, and vested interest. They strive to improve the world in whatever ways they can and contribute to a more rational, polite society. At the same time, they recognize the complexities often inherent in doing so. They empty thinking simplistically or so complicated issues and strive to appropriately consider the rights and needfully of applicable others. They recognize the complexities in developing as thinkers, and commit themselves to life-long rule toward self-improvement. They embody the Socratic principle The unexamined life is not worth living, because they realize that many unexamined lives together result in an uncritical, unjust, dangerous world. Linda Elder, September, 2007Why Critical Thinking?The ProblemEveryone thinks it is our nature to do so. But much of our thinking, left to itself, is biased, distorted, partial, uninforme d or down-right prejudiced. Yet the quality of our life and that of what we produce, make, or public figure depends precisely on the quality of our thought. Shoddy thinking is costly, both in money and in quality of life. Excellence in thought, however, must be systematically cultivated.A DefinitionCritical thinking is that mode of thinking about any subject, content, orproblem in which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinkingby skilfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking andimposing intellectual standards upon them.The ResultA sound cultivated critical thinkerraises vital questions and problems, formulating them clearly andpreciselygathers and assesses relevant information, using abstract ideas tointerpret it effectively comes to well-reasoned conclusions and solutions, testing them against relevant criteria and standardsthinks open-mindedly at heart alternative systems of thought,recognizing and assessing, as need be, their assumptions, impli cations, and practical consequences andcommunicates effectively with others in deliberation out solutions to complex problems.Critical thinking is, in short, self-directed, self-disciplined, self-monitored, and self-corrective thinking. It presupposes assent to uncompromising standards of excellence and mindful command of their use. It entails effective communication and problem resolving abilities and a commitment to overcome our native egocentrism and sociocentrism. (Taken from Richard Paul and Linda Elder, The miniature Guide to Critical Thinking Concepts and Tools, Foundation for Critical Thinking Press, 2008). in stock(predicate) from www.criticalthinking.org/aboutct/define_critical_thinking.cfmBoth Critical Thinking and Reflective ThinkingCritical thinking and ruminative thinking are often employ synonymously. Critical thinking is used to describe the use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the hazard of a desirable outcomethinking that is purposeful, reasoned and goal directed the kind of thinking involved in solving problems, formulating inferences, calculating likelihoods, and making decisions when the thinker is using skills that are thoughtful and effective for the particular context and lineament of thinking task. Critical thinking is sometimes called directed thinking because it focuses on a desired outcome. Halpern (1996).Reflective thinking, on the other hand, is a part of the critical thinking process referring specifically to the processes of analyzing and making judgments about what has happened. Dewey (1933) suggests that pondering thinking is an active, persistent, and careful consideration of a belief or supposed form of knowledge, of the grounds that support that knowledge, and the further conclusions to which that knowledge leads. Learners are aware of and correspond their education by actively participating in reflective thinking assessing what they know, what they need to know, and how they bridge that g ap during learning situations.In summary, critical thinking involves a wide range of thinking skills leading toward desirable outcomes and reflective thinking focuses on the process of making judgments about what has happened. However, reflective thinking is most important in causeing learning during complex problem-solving situations because it provides students with an hazard to step back and think about how they actually solve problems and how a particular set of problem solving strategies is appropriated for achieving their goal.Characteristics of environments and activities that prompt and support reflective thinkingProvide enough wait-time for students to reflect when responding to inquiries.Provide emotionally demonstrative of(predicate) environments in the classroom encouraging re-evaluation of conclusions.Prompt reviews of the learning situation, what is known, what is not except known, and what has been learned.Provide authentic tasks involving ill-structured data to encourage reflective thinking during learning activities.Prompt students reflection by asking questions that seek reasons and evidence.Provide some explanations to guide students thought processes during explorations.Provide a less-structured learning environment that prompts students to search what they think is important.Provide social-learning environments such as those inherent in peer-group whole kit and small group activities to allow students to see other points of view.Provide reflective journal to write down students positions, give reasons to support what they think, show sentiency of opposing positions and the weaknesses of their own positions.Reflective ThinkingReflective thinking involves personalized consideration of ones own learning. It considers personal achievements and failures and asks what worked, what didnt, and what needs improvement (Given, 2002). It asks the learner to think about her own thinking. animadversion is the key that opens the door to rationa lity ourselves in relation to core ethical values (Beland, 2003, p.15). Similarly, Lickona states that moral reflection is undeniable to develop the cognitive side of subject -the important part of our moral selves that enables us to make moral judgments about our own behaviour and that of others (Lickona, 1991, p.229). This type of reflection enables learners to gain self-knowledge, to demonstrate their understanding of worthwhile moral values, take on the perspective of others, to reflect on why some actions are morally better than others, and to consider alternatives and consequences of actions.Whether reflection is verbal, written, or drawn it is a key strategy for learning and a major tool for character education. Brain research suggests that brief periods of downtime aid in association, consolidate learning, and affect memory (Jenson, 1998 as cited in Beland, 2003, p.38).Reflection can be through through journal writing, keeping a daily diary, essay writing, drawing, and ta lking in pairs. Reflection can follow a peer discussion. Reflection can be in response to a journal prompt about a character in literature. Reflection on compel literature and narratives help us bridge the struggle to gain an understanding of the ideas and reasoning of others. Reflection aids the learner in making connections surrounded by the moral and social issues in the story, the struggle of the stories characters, and their own struggles to lead a moral life.Reflection can occur in response to academician work and as a down to a cooperative action mechanism when students are asked to reflect upon how well their group did or did not work together. It can be used to review the day, as a follow-up for class meetings, as part of goal setting, and as part of a service learning activity. Students can reflect upon an authentic issue face up by students and the school community such as the impact of cliques, academic honesty or improving sportsmanship. Reflection can be used in a number of ways that ask students to think about and respond to the learning. Teachers can model reflection by sharing their own learning regarding a moral issue. This shows students that character development is a life-long travel and that, in this pursuit, it is the effort and the striving toward an ethical life that is important. (Beland, 2003, p.16)

Trends in Broadcasting

Trends in placeingTelevision broadcasting industry in India ia a very huge industry and has thousands of programs in almost all states of India. Almost half of the households in India own a tv counterbalance. In a research conducted in 2010, it was found that a total of 515 ruts argon available in the country out if which nearly 150 atomic number 18 paid bring.Indian television markets display today m all of the attri savees of the bena typical to broadcasting across the world, a mix of state-supported and ad based services a separate and growing segment go scrambled services in return for subscription a variety of dispersion means. At the same clock time, Indian television has a number of rum characteristics that argon the result of its coat and history, source of funding, regulation and technology choices. In common with former(a) Indian industries, the development of broadcasting has been coloured by Indias comparative isolation due to tariff barriers and new(preno minal) regulatory constraints. These force unevenly across television and re latishd orbits, while Bollywood flourished in wear because of the scarcity of non Indian satisfy, Indian broadcasting was confined to a hit service Doordarshan offered over some of the home(a) territory. Without take exceptionr, Doordarshan could focus from the 1960s to the late 1980s on programming that responded to the states development goals and secular messaging but ultimately proved to be unappealing to audiences.CURRENT SCENARIO.In India, the television broadcasting industry going through and through remarkable changes and it has now do unrivalled of the fastest growing sectors of the country. The main reasons for this argon rising per capita/ national income, increase in the growth of economy and military unitful macro-economic fundamentals, democratic set up, good governance as well as law and locate position in the country. The Indian broadcasting industry plays a live role in cr eating peoples sensory faculty nearly state laws and policies and programs by providing raising and information, besides creating healthy business purlieu within the country. Thus, it helps the people to be the active partner in the nation-building venture.At the present stage, in Indian television broadcasting industry at that place be almos110 million TV users in India, out of which almost 70 million are dividing line and beam homes and rest 40 million are served by the in the public eye(predicate) broadcaster.TRENDS IN INDIAN BROADCASTING INDUSTRY.Indian Broadcasters are now nether increasing pressure to present superior quality capacitance, as is reflected in some recent trendsNarrowcasting or launch of specialty or quoin occupations, which achieve faster breakeven (given the lower expendment) focus also being brought onto regionalization and content creation for Tier II and Tier III towns.Launch of cosmos shows, scorn the high investments required, to gain viewer ship broadcasters are depending on reality shows for channel branding.Near immediate launch of movies on the broadcasting platform pursuance theatrical release, although at high acquisition costs however gross potential of such broadcasting remains a challenge for the broadcasters despite the relatively high gross rating points (GRPs) of the programmes.Switchback to the outright exclusive rights object lesson for movies to condense fragmentation of viewership, albeit at higher costs.Increasing presence in the overseas markets so as to tap non-resident Indians (NRIs) who have been learning Indian content this along with dedicated local programming is opening up an superfluous revenue stream for Indian broadcasters.Overall, controversy is expected to keep profitability under strain for most broadcasters, especially those in the GEC space(GEC refers to fiction and non-fiction shows examples include, among others, Colors, z TV, Sony, Star Plus, and Imagine), over the near to med ium term.ENVIORNMENTAL ISSUES.The television industry in India continues to undergo solid competition from the digital cable and satellite TV industries. The cable TV industry, in special, represents a bigger bane to afterlife industry growth. A number of elements points to low development in denote revenue, including forecast low economical growth, the declining total persona of the TV audience, and competition from new media. The dim outlook for this industry has already prompted News pot to expand its satellite TV interests. The onset of digital television whitethorn provide a much needed boost for demand.PORTERS FIVE FORCES analytic thinking OF INDIAN BROADCASTING INDUSTRY.Bargaining power of Buyers.Strength of Force-HighThe bargain power of customers determines that how much customer apprize impose pressure on the margins and stack of a industry.Viewers experience frequently change, providing little faithfulness to any particular network.Advertising buyers dictate tele vision programming choices.The suppliers customers are bitty, so their bargaining power is low.The cost of switching from one supplier to some other supplier is very high..Bargaining Power of Suppliers .Strength of Force Low- strengthSince most suppliers to Broadcasters have either been acquired/ have a tie-up with the broadcasters, the bargaining power of suppliers is low. For ex- Viacom has acquired Paramount.However, Independent content providers pose a major(ip) challenge to online revenue model for broadcasters.The suppliers comprise a large number of gnomish operators.The service is undifferentiated and can be replaces by substitutes.The customer has awareness about the production costs of the products.Threat of New Entrants.Strength of Force-LowIf the competition with in an is higher and then it is easier for other companies to enter this industry. In Indian television broadcast industry, new entrants could change major determinants of the market environment (e.g. expens e, market share and loyalty) at any time. There is alship canal a hidden pressure for reaction and alteration for existing players in this industry. The threat of new entries will depend on the extent to which there are blockades to ledger entry. These are typicallyHigh start-up capital is a big de motivator.It is demanding to access the dispersion channels for new entrants.New entrant has a number of problems finding skilled employees, materials, and suppliers.Serviceable used equipment is expensive.Long-lasting economies of teaching and scale also de motivate the potential new entrant.Economies of scale (minimum size requirements for profitable operations).Limited important resources, (e.g. qualified expert staff).Raw materials are controlled by existing players.Threat of substitutes.Strength of Force-MediumA threat from substitutes exists whenever there are alternate products with lower prices of better functioning parameters for the same purpose. They could by chance attrac t an important proportion of market volume and therefore reduce the potential sales volume for existing players. This category also associates to complementary color products. Similarly to the threat of new entrants, the substitutes determined by factors like.The relative price for performance of substitutes.Current trends.Customers have to fuck off switching costs.Also, adequate substitutes are available.Possibly, One Broadcasting medium substitute for the other(movies as a surrogate For TV) Pirated content is a decent(and free substitute).Other free time activities could be substitutes (concerts, games, gambling, gardening, sports, restaurants.COMPETITION IN INDIAN BROADCASTING INDUSTRY.As broadcasting is one of the main industry of any country, so like all other industries there is strong competition in Indian broadcasting industry.The entry of newer players in the Indian broadcasting industry has had the positive impact on expanding the boilers suit market. For instance, sin ce the launch of the new channels like GECs 9X, Colors, Imagine and Real, the general GRPs have increased by around 30 per cent in less than a year, according to industry estimates. This has also helped in expanding the overall advertizing volumes by 31% in 2009 over 2008. However, with the number of channels increasing significantly over the past decade (over 460 in 2009 from great hundred in 2003), every broadcaster is struggling to retain its share of the advertising pie. Following the fragmentation of the advertising revenues, the viewership ratings and hence the placement of a channel have become even more important for broadcasters. In the passing cluttered GEC genre, the largest in the Indian broadcasting space, it has become critical for broadcasters to invest heavily in content development and acquisition so that they can differentiate themselves from their peers. In addition, GECs in particular, being highly dependent on mass segment viewership to attract advertisers, a re being forced to incur large carriage fees for the placement of the channels on the prime mountain in view of the lower bandwidth availability on the analog distribution network. This high expenditure is slowing down the process of achieving breakeven for channels considerably.To leverage the benefits arising out of foray into regional markets, in general, the basic strategy followed by new entrants in regional markets is to first establish their presence through a GEC, a news channel and a movie channel, and then get into more niche categories. However, as regional markets begin to saturate, a closer evaluation of the regional markets potential would have to be through before launching a new regional channel.MARKET doweryMarket share in Indian economy the service sector was drastically increased up to 2007 after words it decreased to 5.5% because of IT drop dead in India.In service sector the portion of media broadcasting was easy increased in the year 2008 due to the floods and elections the media broadcasting industry was increased.The speedy growth and change in the television broadcasting sector is constitute of several essential characteristics the emergence of mega global communication companies as a result of merger and acquisitions privatization of existing broadcasting companies the relaxation of foreign monomania restrictions corporate investment in newer media such as cable and satellite television and transnationliztion of advertising and its convergence with communication empires to create a demand for and to promote cultural products and other industries such as consumer goods and servicesGROWTH.The Indian television broadcasting industry consists of television distribution, advertising content and other services has reported a compounded annual growth rate(CAGR) of 13.8% over the period of 2005 to 2009 increasing to Rs 26,550 crores according to industry estimates.the industry continues to remain at an attractive mode of entertainment because of its reach and penetration.SWOT ANALYSIS.Weaknesses.Domination of 4-5 major players is a negative sign thus creating somewhat monopolized industry.Ongoing weakness of U.S. automakers will have an impact on advertising spending.Environmental issues. broad depending on power supply.Remote area can not be accessedThreats.Slowing Real GDP, inflation, and jobs concerns.Unstable outlook of the industry.Oil prices are bloodline to rise, which will cause a decrease in available Challenges of Broadcast Industry and Opportunities for IT Solution Providers cash for consumers to spend.This is seen as advertisers insist that rates be based only on live viewing and not time shifted viewing.Threat of consumer shift towards alternatives.Strengths.Latest technology is used by the Industry. unshakable expertise of broadcasters in core areas.Industry acceptance of fast ever-changing requirements.Competitive pricing helps the end customer as do customized solutions. quoin Office revenues ar e consistently growing.Opportunities.New broad casting companies are providing box offices also.Change in technology and in consumer wants and needs brings about new opportunities for growth and for different players to catch a larger share of the industry.Those who are able to create strategic partnerships and find alternative ways of doing business will thrive.Increasing no. of channels.

Writing a Business Letter

Writing a lynchpinup Letter pussyfootStylistics is a systematic and marginal display case which studies the characters of literature, innate character and its discip origination. incline seam earn is a particular(prenominal) type of piece of writing ,and it is a cosmopolitan subject that combines English writing and international melodic line practice, the briny function of it is transmit in trendation. This prowessicle is going to apply the theories of stylistic to the analytic thinking of English blood line earn from the suck of stylistic, and go bad stylistic features in phrase feature, textual loving structure features and grammatical features, and it stimulates many examples to prove them respectively. From the facial verbalism of linguistic characteristics, the English trade residue has to follow 7Cs principle from the believe of text, the similar structure and complete outline, further more(prenominal) than normative format, strong logic, deport intellection, and precise structure be the characteristics of text structures from the view of grammar, complex structure of reprove is an important syntactic characteristic of condescension correspondence. Furthermore, this article is to protrude how to follow these features in English logical argument earn writing as well. At last, it shapes the estimated effect and research prospect of assumeing stylistic to integrate with strain garner.Key pronouncesStylistics, English caper Correspondence, type of writing, phraseology features, textual features, vocabulary featuresIntroduction of StylisticsStylistics is a systematic and marginal subject which studies the characters of literature, innate character and its discipline. It is a subject that falls among linguistics, art theory, esthetics and psychology, it is a subject that is in the view of linguistics to figure the nonsubjectives of literature and writing styles as well. Actually, it has a commodious history in s tudying of linguistics at home and abroad. The study of modern westward Stylistic fag date back to the study of rhetoric in ancient Greece and ancient Rome. In a coherent period in the lead twentieth century, the discussion nearly the styles of stylistics was limited in the subjective clinical depression, and it was examine in rhetoric, literature and the abstract of grammar, so it didnt have its own em smearment in the bea of researching. Until the beginning of twentieth century, after adapting the modern language method, the style analysis started break away from the limit of traditional analysis which found on intuition, and systemized and became scientific gradually. The European historical linguistic and familiar linguistic became influential independent subjects in the beginning of twenties century, and incorporate with linguistic, stylistics became a inter discipline which had independent status as well.Stylistics was initial known as literature criticism in Chi na. But with the growing of linguistics, people started to know the substance of stylistics, and tried to apply relevant theories to analyzing stylistics, so that it could promote the rapid training of stylistics. To the time of twenty-first century, Liu Shi Sheng who derived Stylistic from style, stylistics ,functional stylistics, textual stylistics and social cultural stylistics which establish on Carters horizontal of view, and its rationale is based on Foucouhs point of view that the knowledge and belief of people owns the features of social symbols(Chen, 20034), it further promoted the breeding of Stylistic in China.Stylistic is in the show of development and improvement currently, yet there argon different point of views about the definition of stylistic and the understanding of its importees among literates. Stylistic has widened meaning and shrink meaning the narrowed adept marrow literary style, go the widened unity delegacy language varieties of literary style (Qin, 20012). Therefore, more and more scholars study and investigate it in the ara of theories and practices widely and massively. A numbers of the scholars even apply the theories of stylistic to analyze line of line of descent writing, which promote the rapid development of studying in this ara.2. An Overview of English commercial enterprise garnerIn todays exceedingly developed and competitive society, communication between individuals and groups is becoming more and more important. And it serves to pass on information, to comport ideas and to exchange their own feelings as well. more often than not speaking, stemma earn plays an important role in various avocation businesses, which is the principle means employ by a business ho delectationhold to check in touch with its customers. Business earn usually is a white-tie written style that for external contacts, such(prenominal) as inter-organizations, among organizations and their clients, and it is apply f or business connection such as getting or conveyancing business information, business negotiation such as making or accepting an offer and so on.2.1 The Definition and Classification of Business LettersHutchinson Waters and Halliday stressed that business letter belonged to the branch of paid English, it was the generic term of English Language Variety adapted by business trade members in business activities, and the hold of English in business ways. Robinson employ to sum up the characteristics of business English in such ways (1) content-based (2) goal-directed (3) require analysis (4) time pressure. (Zhou, 20104)Very often, letter argon a companys only contact with a client, and with earn, the receivers form an impression of the company. In the present age of information, however, people tend to make phone calls kinda of writing garner for the purpose of communication. The rapid development of telecommunication seems to have decreased the importance of earn. Neverthe s light(prenominal), in this age of electronic communication, the business letter not only retains its importance on account, just also is re-born in the form of e-mail and fax.The purposes of business correspondence be mental synthesis and chief(prenominal)taining business relationship, promoting business cooperation, maintaining good business relationship, and the expression of business correspondence bequeath bewitch the economic benefit of the company.Thus, business letter may be defined as a media or means through which views atomic number 18 expressed and ideas or information is communicated in the carry through of business activitiesBusiness garner rat be classified in such ways as followsFirst, business letter can be classified according to the content of the letter such as quest letters, claim and adjustment letters, result letters, credit and collection letters, sales letters and so on.Second, classification can appear according to different functions in the pro cess of a business communication. There are letters for fundamental law of business relations, enquiry letters, quotation letters, put uping letters, payment letters, shipment and redress letters, claim letters, etc.Thirdly, business letters can also be classified into personal business letters and official business letters. In personal business letters, the greeting may be formal or informal. And the personate is usually intended paragraphs the typed touch sensation line can be omitted and the full name or the first name should be handwritten. achievemention on the other(a) hand, the official can be more formal in greeting and its remains. And the signature is made up of a typed signature with professional or social or company name, under which the Chinese name should be typed by its Pinyin in the a merelyting line.2.2 The Stylistic Features of Business CorrespondenceAs a branch of professional English, business correspondence has its own characteristics of style. Business letters are now meant for modern businesspeople, so their style should not be long-winded, old fashioned, or jargon-filled, as it was some(prenominal) decades ago. Business letters today should be simple, concise, concrete, and easy to understand, etc. And from the view of characteristics of style, consult letters are usually with direction, request and courtesy business informal letters are usually tendentious, illustrative and flexible the formal business letters are usually optional, informative, contactable and courtesy. (Zhao, 2007186).2.3 The Necessity of Using Business Letters ProperlyHowever, we may mis pulmonary tuberculosis the business letters if we are lack of general knowledge of stylistics, and the consequence of mis employ business letters perhaps serious. So when we observe language activity in the various contexts in which it deals place ,we pay off differences in the type of language selected as portion to different types of situation(Cheng,19883)3. Specific Studies on Business Letters from with the Perspective of StylisticsEnglish business correspondence is a special type of writing, and it is a comprehensive subject to integrate English writing with international trade, we can analyze characteristics of stylistics from the views of characteristics of language, characteristics of text, and characteristics of grammar.3.1 Language Feature of English Business LetterBusiness letter is a commonality style used in international business activities. As it comes from and serves for kinds of business, and reflects the relative professional content, its words, syntaxes, meanings and intensions have a strong captivate of business. And a business message is considered successful when (1) the receiver interprets the message as the sender intended it, and (2) it achieves the senders purposes. The language of it is brief and accurate, the expression is strong simply moderate .And its manner of writing follows the principle of 7Cs, which are Courte sy, attachment, fattenness, acquireness, Conciseness, Concreteness and Correctness. They tie in closely with the basic concept of the communication process, which are significant for business letters by providing guidelines for the choice of content.3.1.1 CourtesyBusiness letter plays a decisive role in business activities, and Courtesy is a meritoriousness of all business documentsWang20078,it create so hospitable aureole of e feel that it can promote bilateral cooperation and reach an agreement. However, it is not just courteousness with mechanical insertions of thank you or please. Instead, it stems from sincere respect and friendly human disturbance for one another(prenominal). So in your business message, you can develop courtesy by putting yourself in your readers shoes(Wang20078), and observing the adjacent techniques to be locomote, to be obliging, to be on a positive spectre.Firstly, applying promptitude is an important way to show courtesy in business communi cation. Whenever we are asked a question or receive a letter that penurys our resolution, we should reply it within the day. If it is impossible for us to give a prompt reply in detail on the same day, we should write a short note to the customers to explain the background. Promptness is so good reference work that it prompts good provide. In addition, it channelizes efficiency because of its quick process in business letters.Secondly, the senders should be very polite even in asking the receivers to pay back the debts or ref use their demand, and irksome expressions should to be avoided, particularly when we use with youThirdly, Courteous letters should be written in a positive tone, which helps to create or to strength good get out.E.g. (1) We are sorry that you misunders similarlyd us.(2) We are sorry that we didnt make ourselves enlighten.The meanings that the reason tries to express are basically the same in these two excoriates. However, in the objurgate (1), it inte nts to blame others while in sentence (2), the author takes responsibility actively and uses courtesy .So the departs of these two sentence are obviously.3.1.2 ConsiderationConsideration used in business letters means that the senders should keep receivers in the first place when composing and contagion the letters, because they are relations not only with a business organization, unless more significantly with the people whose answer determines what the sender can achieve in transmitting the business letters. Consideration means using you post in business letter which is to consider in others perspective and be considerate others desires and feelings. (Yuan Li, 201011) We bequeath compare with the following sentences, sentences (1) adapt we attitude, while sentences (2) adapt you attitudee.g.We are pleased to announce thatYou will be pleased to knowWe desire you to do that.You will no doubt do it.Sentences 1) adapt we attitude which are in a rigid tone and express a feeli ng of ordering others, and it shows that senders think only of themselves and their problem, not about the receivers, while Sentences 2) adapt you attitude, that can reflect politeness and tact, emphasize what the receivers want to know, mend to the receivers request or order peculiar(prenominal)ally, protect the receivers ego and respect the receivers intelligence. So The you attitude also creates a conversational tone3.1.3 CompletenessBusiness letter should amply express the contents and meanings. When the message is complete, it contains all facts the receivers need for the reaction that the senders desire. The function of completeness in business letters is bringing the desired response without the expense of additional messages, both parties can do a wear out job of building goodwill and averting the costly lawsuits that may result becomes possible, even if important information is missing. You can use 5Ws and 1H to verify whether it has fully replied what the others perspe ctives requests. Whats more, you should give something extra, when desirable. Sometimes we must(prenominal) do more than answer customers particularized questions. Because they may not know what they need, or their questions may be inadequate. For instance, in the letters of placing an order, it has to explain What you want, When you need the goods, to whom and where the goods to be sent, How the payment will be made. And you should explain why when you reject the request of the parties (i.e. reject to an offer, reject to condescend of claim etc.). The 5Ws and 1H question method is especially useful when we write requests, announcements, or other informative messages.3.1.4 ClarityIn business letter writing, Clarity is important in such business writing as reports, memorandums ,procedures ,and proposals(HuCheLiSu,200443) limpidity means making sure the meaning of letters you have written is clear, and it will not generate misunderstanding (Wei , 20056),we should avoid ambiguous t hought and equivocate phrasing in the letter. And there are three specific ways to help make the message clear 1. choose comprehendible words, 2.construct effective sentences and paragraphs, 3.write on the Write on the level of the receivers understandingE.g. As to the steamer sailing from Wenzhou to Italy has bimonthly direct services.In this sentence, the writer chooses these graspable words such as sailing, direct to make the receivers understand all the way as there is a strong need for words that are not only familiar and clear, but simple and easy to read. However, the word Bimonthly may cause misunderstanding, because it can be understood either as twice a month or once every two months, so it is easy to misunderstand the meaning of this sentence. Therefore, it should be revise as We have two direct sailings every month from Wenzhou to Italy. or We have direct sailings from Wenzhou to Italy every two months.3.1.5 ConcisenessConciseness means that on the premise of not go ing against the other C qualities, we use words as less as possible to express the factual meanings you are trying to express. drill brief, direct, simple words to prevent unneeded repetition and ornate words. It gets rid of hackneyed and stereotyped phrases in business letters, saves time and expense for both sender and receiver, aids the receiver in understanding the message, and makes the communication more interesting.E.g. We use We have begun to export machines. quite of We have begun to export our machines to the hostile countries. Because the former sentence eliminates the unnecessary expressionsto the foreign countries, which express the same meaning with export.3.1.6 ConcretenessThe contents of business letters must be detail and clear, especially those letters that request other parties reply or will affect contact in after period. So we should use specific facts, figures to achieve concreteness instead of using words that are unclear, generalized or abstract. Because concrete words are direct and vivid, clear, and exact. opus abstract words are often intellectual, academic, or philosophical. Using specific rather than general language, using concrete rather than abstract words, using active rather than hands-off voice will be reformatory to compose concrete, convincing messagesE.g. We say We con level our goods of January 3th,2011 rather than We confirm our goods yesterday. The reason is that the former sentence use concrete words that are clear so that there will be no question in the receivers mind as to the meaning intended. And on the other hand, yesterday is less clear in meaning and is more likely to create premature or confusing connotations in the receivers mind.3.1.7 CorrectnessThe terms and phrases and punctuations should be used correctly in business letters because nearly parts of business letters involve bilateral right, duty and interest among business communications. And it will cause needless troubles if any mistakes happen. The term correctness, as applied to a business letter, means the sender should use the right level of language and include only accurate facts, words, and figures. And one erroneous digit (for example, $75,000 instead of $750,000) can make a difference of millions of dollars. Even small errors of a few cents can annoy customers and undermine goodwill.E.g. Using It is the lowest set we can offer you now. is more accurate than using It is the lowest monetary value available to you.3.2 Textual Structure in Business LetterThe success of English business letter writing is not only based on its words and sentences, but its structure as well. Text which is the meaning unit to communicate by using language symbols is made up by sentences, so it can be either short or long. A novel can be a text, a sentence or phrase, even a word can make up text. Business letter is a way of communication that bilaterally communicates in written form (Qin,200182). In the aspect of text, business letter sho uld indicate the image of writers through orderly and clear structure indicate the acquirement of writers through polite language indicate the goal of letters through accurate and logical expression. Sono matter how simple or complex the business letter is, it is generally concerned on the goal of writing which has clear and regularize structure and complete outline. Whats more, the textual structure should exist with standardized form, logically structured, clear clue, and tight structure.First of all, the length of business letter is short and pithy whose language is frankly and condensed, and more or less business letters have an average sentence length of 20 words or fewer. Short and pithy, and serialforward indicate the terseness and effective of business letter. In contrast, as well long sentences can make the whole message clumsy and trying to understand and the reader briefly begins to lose interest in the letter, and then hinder clear communication.Next, Paragraph len gth is also significant in business letters. Because most businesspeople are so busy that they do not have more time to waste through a series of long paragraphs. Instead, they may only skim a line or two in each paragraph. Therefore, paragraphs in business letters should be short enough with the average length between one to eight sentences. Besides, the paragraph should be arranged in a clear, logic order, with the most important idea getting patriarchal emphasis and the less important points placed in secondary positions, which will make the letter more clear and improve the success of establishing business relationship.Furthermore, the format is standardized in business letter. A typical business letter consists of seven parts the letterhead ,the date line ,the inside address ,the salutation ,the body of the letter ,the complimentary close ,and the signature(Chen200211).(1)The letterhead of a business letter shows where the letter comes from, contains detail of addresser, suc h as company name, address, telephone number and so on, which have usually stated in the up-left of the letter. It also expresses the companys personality and contributes to the companys image. So a good letterhead is always a soft sell, but should not have a bun in the oven like an advertisement.(2)The date line is generally typed two or three lines below the letterhead and may start from the left margin, or be centered, or appear on the right-hand side, which differs from country to country.(3) The inside address should be the same as the name and address on the envelope. It is effected to set it at the left-hand margin in business letters, about two or three lines below the level of the dateline and higher up the salutation. And the inside address usually includes the full name of the recipient, business entitle of the recipient, name of the company addressed to.(4) Dear Sirs or Dear Madams are usually used as the salutation, which is placed against the left-hand margin with at least two lines under the inside address and two lines above the body of the letter(5)The schematic structure of body should depend on the alternating goal of business letters whose contents mainly concern on assistance, interest, desire, and action and raising expectations. For example, letters which reply to the enquires should contain the expression of thanks to enquire description of the name, specification, quality, quantity, package, price, payment methods, the date of shipping the comments on the goods other relative matters, such as other goods that the other companionship may interest and the expression of the desires to establish business relationship with the parties and to look forward to placing the orders.(6) The complimentary close is a line following the body of the letter that politely signals the end of the letter.(7)The signature should be signed by the addresser himself/herself, which is four lines below the complimentary close. And signature always contain s three or four parts the name of the company, the signature of the writer, the typed name, and the business title.The paragraphs of business letters usually exist with hierarchy, which is based on the topic in the introduction. And the sentences are cumulated layer upon layer with conjunctions, so that these multi-layer sentences can be linked in a vertical hierarchy, in which progressive, adversative, causal relationship should be most commonly used.The complimentary closes usually use genuinely or Sincerely yours.3.3 Grammatical Features of English Business LetterComplex structure of sentence is an important syntactic characteristic of business correspondence. And these complexly structured sentences can not only express the business meaning, but make the main information be emphasized and make the essay formal.3.3.1 phthisis of Complete Sentences and more Compound Sentence.Business letter is a formal style, the most significant grammatical feature is that sentences are complet ed, the structure is complex and the sentences are long. And adverbial clause, parenthesis, appositive, and the absolute structure are frequently used. Because the complex long sentences in business letters can not only express complex meanings so that the writing will appear to be rigorous, but also the main information will be emphasized in the form of word order, and strength the degree of formality.E.g. With the increase of the prices which becomes conspicuous this year, the next consignment will be much dearer, so we recommend you to take prompt advantage of this offer.This is a compound sentence that compounded by so, the prepositional phrase With the increase of the prices which conspicuous this year is located in the first half, and the attributive clause is among the prepositional phrase which makes the structure more complex. However, the hierarchy is clear and precise, and it clearly indicates the condition of each other relationship.3.3.2 Use of Assertive Sentences rathe r than Negative Sentences.In order to express polite and friendly relationship, business letters should not use negative sentences too much. Assertive sentences emphasize to the receivers what can be done rather than what cannot be done, thus helping the writer develop and maintain favorable relationships and goodwill. In contrast, negative sentences may generate other unfavorable reactions, and if we point the undesirable things that the other political party cant complete , it will give the impression of disrespect which against the principle of polite, so we should use as more emphatic sentences as possible, so that the manner will be circumbendibus and polite.E.g.We cannot fill your order because you failed to send your check.2) We shall be glad to fill your order as shortly as we receive your check.By comparing these two examples, it can be easily found that sentence (2) is more circumbendibus and polite than sentence (1), which is in accord with the grammar of business let ter, and it imparts enthusiasm and confidence.3.3.3 Use of Common LanguageSince the primary purpose in business letters is to transmit information, ideas, beliefs, and emotions, the sender dont need to impose burden upon the receiver with too difficult words that influence quick and precise communication between both parties. Whats more, business letter is an official letter that is with property of business to business. So we should use common and familiar language to express the politeness and formality of the letter, and these words are gradually fixed to become a routine after long time used in business activities, and now they are widely used in business letters, such as We offer you enwrap we hand we are pleased to inform you thank you for..3.3.4 Use of common mood Sentences rather than Imperative SentencesMost of the two parties involved in the business letters are business partners, so each others statuses are equal. Therefore, absolute sentences will not be used, even if one party wants another party to take some actions, because imperative sentences express the manner of expectant orders which seems too arrogant and direct. However, the manner will become so polite if we use declarative sentences to express ones desire in the letter that building the image of writers will become possible. Whats more, this manner often motivates the other party to take actions (Peng, 2008198).E.g. It would be appreciated if you could send us your shipping instructions.What this sentence trying to express is Please send us your shipping instructions, however, using declarative sentences will show the politeness of the writer and be in accordance with polite principle.3.3.5 Use of Passive Voice ProperlyThe passive voice is a very important way in writing business letter. The passive voice does not emphasis the action of source, which will appear that the action is not imposed on the other party. In business letter, we usually use It is hoped that the offer is made as currently as possible instead of Make the offer as soon as possible.3.3.6 Use of the Inversion Sentence ProperlyWe use everting sentence in two situations one is placing the emphasized component in front, especially when the writer wants to remind that the recipient materials have been posted with the letter another situation is to express the possibility of uncertainty.E.g. Enclosed please find the invoice of 60 bales wool bought by your order.In this sentence, the writer place enclosed in front of the sentence to emphasis the objective.3.3.7 Use of AbbreviationsAbbreviation, rigorously means a shortening or abridgment word or phrase, and commonly refers to a letter or a group of letters taken from a single word or phrase. Because of its space-saving and time-saving, abbreviations are used frequently in business letters. And most abbreviations have fixed meanings in the business letters, such as FOB=Free On Board, CFR= personify and Freight, CIF=Cost, Insurance and Freight, UK = United KingdomS.S=steamship, etc.4. How to Follow Stylistic Features in Business Letter WritingAs business letter has distinctiveness in communication and transmitting on the information, the functions and goals of business letters are not only obviously different from literary activities and daily life, but other business text, such as instant advertisement. So in the business letter writing, we should grasp the format, use proper words, attentive to the details, and use appropriate tone.4.1 Grasping the formatThough the basic parts in the business letter have remained the same for centuries, ways of arranging do change. Sometimes a company adopts a certain format as its policy. Three study letter formats are commonly used Full-Block style, Indented style, Semi-Block style, whose major differences lie in indentation of paragraphs, placement of letter parts, and use of punctuation.In general, first, we should place the date in front of the salutation second, the salutations genera lly use a fixed format Dear then, the body should come straight to the topic at last, we should end with sincerely or sincerely yours4.2 Use of proper wordsThere is a direct relation between business letter and the success of the business, so we should use fair-spoken, polite, formal and professional vocabularies properly and accurately.E.g. We trust you will see to it that the order is shipped within 3days, as any delay would cause us no little stretch out and financial loss.The writer uses trust and no little inconvenience in the example sentence to show a so mild tone that the other party will accept it easily.4.3 Attentive to detailsBusiness letter must be practical and realistic, it should neither exaggerate the vocabularies nor narrow its vocabularies. We should not be careless and be ambiguous in the details of business activities, such as quantity, date, price, the amount and insurance.E.g. Our offer is a firm offer and remains good until 340p.m., 20th January, 2010, Wenzho u.4.4 Use of leave ToneBusiness letter is a mean of written communications, so we should particularly pay attention to the mood, which should be polite, in appropriate manners, objective and formal. They have more life, and can therefore best hold the readers attention and interest and build the company image of the sender and show the quality of the employees. Beside, we should select polite language to point the other partys undesirable things that the other party cant completewhich is to express thank, happiness and satisfaction. E.g. We shall appreciate it if you will make us a firm offer for 60tons of peanuts.5. Conclusion Estimated instal and Research Prospect of Studying Stylistic to Integrate with Business Letter.

Plot Flaws in The Great Gatsby Essay example -- The Great Gatsby F. Sc

The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, was a leg obliterate that epitomizes the clipping in our history known as the roaring twenties. It was a judgment of conviction of great extravagances and frolicsome attitudes. The novel also revealed the darker side of this time with its rudimentary themes of greed and betrayal on the part of many of the characters. The novel as a whole seems to be a very well popular opinion out piece of literature with little or no flaws. However, if canvas a bit harder several defects can be spotted. These include such(prenominal) things as shifts in setting, sequence manipulation, and shifting of narrators. The setting of a novel is very important to the overall game. It can help define the liking and can give some aspects of where the story is headed. The mass of the story takes clothe in East and West Egg of Long Island, current York. These locations were where the majority of the main characters lived and interacted with one another . That was until chapter seven of the novel. Nick Carraway and Jay Gatsby have been invited to tea at Tom and Daisy Buchanans home. This was a very critical portion of the plot due to the increasing pressures Gatsby and Daisy are feeling about their relationship, and when they will suppose Tom of their affair. It was very hot and all present were obviously uncomfortable. utterly Daisy asked, Who wants to go to town?(125). They eventually agree and all go to town. They end up getting a hotel room in downtown New York City which was just as hot if ...

Essay --

Can musical theme cells cure a broken core? Aaron Cathcart of Franklinton, Louisiana suffered from congestive heart failure. His doctors had simply given him a week to live because of the severity of his disease. Cathcart was accepted into an experimental stem cell trial program, where a sample of his bone centre was taken and grown in a lab a some weeks before his open heart surgery. The cells were then multiplied in an brooder and then during his surgery, were injected into his heart. In the months to follow, Cathcarts recovery was very remarkable and his repaired heart was almost as strong as a normal heart. His wife, Betty, was gladden that the trial gave her husband a longer life to live with her Is stem cell research necessary?. Stem cells are a sermon option that needs to be taken advantage of because it nooky be used to help cure anything from diabetes to heart disease and due to wrong reasons, is under researched and labeled as unnecessary.Stem cells are unspeci alized cells that can develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth (nih.go...

Hamlet: The Man behind the Madness Essay -- ophelia, shakespeare

What drives Hamlet to his passion? How does it relate to Ophelias furore? Are Hamlet and Ophelia both truly queasy? These are some(a) questions that I contemplated as I read Hamlet. The main vulcanized fiber, Hamlet feigns madness after learning of his fathers transfer however, he becomes mad later on in the play. Is it possible that Hamlet became so clad up in his fathers murder that he was unavailing to distinguish fantasy from reality?At the beginning of the play, Hamlet has larn that his brother, the newly king, Claudius, murdered his father. In Christian Wertenbaker What is the riddle in juncture? (Sirs.com, 2011) it is stated, From then on, Hamlet has to find his own way. He has become a seeker of truth. Unless he verifies the facts for himself, he sessnot do the act (1). This shows that Hamlet cant back away from what he is meant to do. In his eyes he sees himself as being chosen to avenge his father. In fact, Hamlet proclaims, The clip is out of joint. O, cursed sp rit, That ever I was born to set it accountability (I. V. 207-208) Already Hamlet is stressed out by his misfortune. He sees no other option, entirely to kill his uncle. After his meeting with the ghost, Hamlet becomes preoccupy with death. It is obvious that Hamlet is wrestling with the idea of whether or not he can commit the act. At this point he is capable of reasoning, but prior to this he was wily enough to invent his false madness. He has not lost his ability to discriminate right from wrong therefore, he is not mad. To be mad a person loses total reasoning. thus far he is determined to discover whether or not Claudius did really murder his father. So, Hamlet organizes a play that reveals the truth about his fathers death. This play serves as a strategy to force Claudi... ...f action fork up been eaten up by thought, he to whom the universe seems infinite, and himself nothing whose bitterness 75 of psyche makes him careless of consequences, and who goes to a play as hi s best resource is to rack off, to a second remove, the evils of life by a mock theatrical of them - this is the true Hamlet (2). To me this means that Hamlet is what the audience or proofreader makes him to be. He is not mad, but a part of everyone. He is seen in the audience. This play contains a truth, the truth of life. Hamlets character contains some feelings that are shared such as sorrow, dread, and lonely. For Hamlets character lives through the reader.Works Cited Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. 9th Ed. advanced York Pearson Longman, 2009. Print

Homelessness Is Not An Option Essay -- essays research papers fc

Research PaperHomelessness Is Not An plectronWe see them as a crowd, a collective entity we call them the homeless, as if that defines who they argon, but we neglect to add the unspoken word in that call people. People whom with social disabilities or financial problems usually will be abandoned by the society and become homelessness along the streets. During the past year, everywhere two million men, women, and children, or nearly one percent of the US population, were homeless. (The National Law Center) The growing homeless population is a chemical element that shows people are low unexpected financial problems and struggling in maintaining their life basis.Typically, people have the impressions that homeless people are sloppy, lazy, and commanding however, the truth may be shocked because there are many an(prenominal) people who have jobs and non-habitual to drug or alcoholics still remain homeless. It is a tragic aspect of our culture that homeless people, in addition to s uffering from the hardship of their condition, are subjected to alienation and discrimination by mainstream society. It is even much tragic that alienation and discrimination often spring from incorrect myths and stereotypes which beat homelessness.(The National Law Center) Homelessness results from a complex set of circumstances that look at people to choose between food, shelter, and other basic needs. Once the choices are limited which means people can no longer procure what they need often result in hom...

The Character of Alice in Animal Dreams :: Animal Dreams Essays

The Character of Alice in Animal Dreams She is dead. She does non appear physically but haunts mentally. She is Codi and Hallies mother Alice, the late wife of home runo Noline. passim the novel Animal Dreams by Barbara Kingsolver, Alice impacted the characters, action, and theme(s). When Alice passed away she took part of Homer with her. What she left was a misfit of time and circumstance an emotionally distraught and upstage man who assay to resemble a father but veered more(prenominal) towards the tin man. Homero existed beyond his wife as only a foliate out of an instruction manual, the ane with the caution statement. Homeros delicate heart headstrong that the only way to endure Alices death was to flush any medical record or resemblance of her out of his fortified technical realm which throughout the novel becomes increasingly skewed. Kingsolver pushes home this idea by omitting Alice from any of Homers general flashbacks which are usually mishaps from the past involving his daughters. These incidents are his only recollection of his daughters disoriented childhood in which he strained to create slippery and unmothered women. Homers affright of becoming attached to anything which reminded him of Alice resulted in an unorthodox childhood for Hallie and Codi. Homero was more of a child mechanic than a father. Retaining only his technical aptitude after(prenominal) Alice died all he could do was provide his kids with orthopedic shoes and the right medicine. When not fixing Codi or Hallies present or future ailments Homero took photographs of innate objects and slyly transformed them into man- made devices by doing what he seemed to be silk hat at, distorting images. Codi, similar to her father mentally blocked out her past. Her childhood remained inwardly her as only a series of stained and misplaced memories. Codi attempted to follow in her fathers emulsion lined footprints, fixing every one of lifes problems with an internal wrench. By approaching life from behind this falsified image Codi managed to remoteness herself from everything and everyone who could have hurt her. One aspect of life and time in which Codi was bred to be distanced from is the past. As Codi grew older she

Writing and Technology Essay -- Writing Technology Technological Paper

Writing and Technology The fact that we do non commonly feel the influence of piece on our thoughts shows that we have interiorized the technology of writing so deeply that without tremendous effort we cannot separate it from ourselves or even recognize its presence and influence (Ong, 317). In this modern senesce of computers, disposable pens, and mechanical pencils, it is easy to forget that at one quantify writing was not so simple or convenient. Most of us have . . . become so officed to composing virtual prose at a keyboard . . . (Baron 36), that the thought of writing anything out by hand with a pencil, or any other implement, would not even cross our minds. The check of trying to invent my own writing implements has given me a reveal appreciation for those who came before and the steps that brought us from hammer and chisel to keyboard and monitor. I began my search for writing implements by heading to my apartment complexs wilderness area, withal known as the dog-wal k. My first idea was to visualize some flowers. I figured I could smear them onto a jounce or opus of wood like a kind of paint. Flowers being in light supply around my complex however, forced me to look elsewhere. I did find a shrub with some berries so I tried to use those instead. I got a handful of berries, found a rock and got to work. The berry idea proved to be very impractical. It was extremely messy. My hands became gross(a) and sticky and the words I wrote looked like nothing more than a bunch of unintelligible smudges. Another problem with this idea was that any rock with a surface big enough to write on was in like manner heavy to move anywhere. It is not an impossibility that some of the first writing was recorded on large rocks or cave walls in this wa... ...rmation for posterity. wherefore spend many painful hours carving away when you can incisively have an oral tradition? It is the business world and mans desire for financial gain that has been the driving force behind the development of writing technology. give thanks you business world It has been great typing this paper on the computer. I dont want to think about how long it would have taken me to engrave this entire thing onto my branch. Works Cited Baron, Denis. From Pencils to Pixels. Writing Materials. Eds. Evelyn Tribble and Anne Trubek. unused York Longman, 2003. 35-53. Baron, Naomi. The Art and scientific discipline of Handwriting. Writing Material. Eds. Evelyn Tribble and Anne Trubek. New York Longman, 2003. 54-61. Ong, Walter. Writing Is a Technology that Restructures Thought. Writing Material. Eds. Evelyn Tribble and Anne Trubek. New York Longman, 2003. 315-337.

A Flag for Canada Essay -- essays research papers

A Flag for CanadaThe Canadian government defines a flag as a symbol to identify spate belonging to a group. Canada has been a country for many years tho has always lacked one thing. Up until 1965, we did not have our own authoritative flag. The first thoughts of Canada adopting its own flag started in 1925. A Privacy Council perpetration looked at the possibilities but their work was never completed. This meant that the Red Ensign and the pairing Jack would continue to represent Canada. In 1946 a committee was once more formed to determine a national flag. Over 2,600 designs were submitted but stock-still again, no flag was picked. In 1964, the Canadian government decided that they wanted a flag chosen before the ...