Analysis of The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay -- Nathaniel Ha

Analysis of The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne Although The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne was written in the mid-1800s, its themes and ideas are silent a part of society today. The 19th century was a time of change, just as this, the millennium, is a time of great change. Hawthornes ideas about science, beauty, and life still play a major part in our lives, despite many improvements. Even today, people try to play God and change things that nature has frame in in place. Its human curiosity how much can be changed, how many things can be perfected? The themes in this short story-- religion, gender, and science--were relevant in Hawthornes day, and still are many years later. The theme of religion is hidden in the desire to erase the birthmark. In trying to perfect Georgiana, Aylmer is test Gods creation. He doesnt believe that how God created Georgiana is perfect, and he is obsessive about making her his idea of perfection. Aminadab, Aylmers servant, tries to tell his master t o retire from the birthmark alone. He tells Aylmer that if Georgiana were his wife, he wouldnt worry about something so trivial. However, the scientific ideas on Aylmers mind wont let him stymy the birthmark. He believes he can remove it with the help of science. Even so, science has no part in creation, according to Hawthorne, and Georgianas death after the remotion of the birthmark signifies that theory. Her death is Hawthornes way of showing that judgment and perfection are Gods duti...

Dramatic Tension in The Crucible Essay -- The Crucible Arthur Miller W

Dramatic Tension in The Crucible The play, The Crucible, illustrates how people react to mass hysteria created by a person or group of people, as people did during the McCarthy hearings of the 1950s and the Salem glamour hunts of 1962. Many Americans were wrongly accused of being Communist sympathizers. The activities of the House of un-American Activities Committee began to be linked with the witchcraft trials that had taken place in the town of Salem. This provided Miller with the catalyst to write The Crucible. Without the knowledge of the McCarthy hearings and the Salem witch hunts, The Crucible may be seen as a melodrama and the events in the play, sensationalised. It is not a melodrama because it is not overly dramatic the McCarthy hearings and the witch hunts inject realism in the play. The play deals with historical events and with characters that have a historical context.Through the use of dialogue, stage directions which enable us to envisage the scene on stage and picto rial matter we can see how dramatic tension is created by Miller. These aspects are to be explored for each act.Act One begins with Rever closing Parris praying fervently over his daughter, Betty Parris, who lies unconscious on her bed. The stage directions indicate that the room is quite dark with only if a candle burning and sunlight through the window lighting the room. Parris is frightened, confused and raging by Bettys illness, perhaps wondering what he has done wrong to be inflicted with such misery. This shown by the way he prays, then weeps and then starts praying again as if he unsure even of his emotions. He is very tense and is quickly angered without provocation, for example when Tituba inquires about Betty he turns on her in petulance and shouts at her to get out. He then starts to sob and in his fear he starts to mumble to Betty to wake up, his feeling of inadequacy is expressed through his fragmented, unconnected sentences.Oh, my God God help me Betty. Child. Dea r Child. Will you wake, will you open your eyes Betty, little oneHe turns on Abigail and confronts her and through the conversation between Reverend Parris and his niece Abigail, the audience learns that the towns girls, including Abigail and Betty, had engaged in activities in the forest led by Tituba Parris slave from Barbados. At this moment they are only provided with conflicting accou... ...he town like others before him. He and Rebecca are led out and Parris, Hale and Elizabeth are left on stage. A drum puke is heard in the background, showing that there is little time left to stop the hangings. Parris and Hale plead frantically with Elizabeth to stop him and that there is time til now but as the drum roll signifies, not much time. Elizabeth knows that this is the only way things can end so that she and Proctor can finally be at peace. She replies to hale and Parris, He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from himThe loud drum roll that heightens violently at the en d of the play signifies a definite end to the play. It leaves a tense atmosphere which leaves the audience to contemplate the play and particular characters and their relevance to the title. Proctor would be seen as the one comes out of the crucible purified. The light that shines through the window at the very end of the play makes the ending symbolic. The word, new almost lets us lead all the tragic events that have passed and that the best solution would be to start afresh. It leaves the audience thinking there is a hope for the people of Salem oddly with the presence of light.

neighbors :: essays research papers

Has jealously ever made you take action in ways that you wouldnt normally? Have you ever wondered what it would be like to live in someone elses shoes? If given the opportunity, would you step into his or her daily lifestyle? In the short story Neighbors by Raymond Carver, a young couple proves that the parasite of a trait, known as jealously, rarely has a happy ending. enviously by definition is a resentful, suspicious, envious feeling of the mind. This is exactly what forced the moth millers to act uncivilized when given the capability to befall into the seeming less give out life of someone else. Ashamed of their jealousy, the couple kept it a secret and began lying to each other. Evidently, the Millers became obsessed in becoming someone else.Bill Miller wanted to experience life in a more extravagant environment. He went through the everyday tasks that his next-door neighbors, the Stones, would perform. Many of these things he wouldnt normally do for example, Bill stole from the Stones apartment in order to make him feel superior. He even became so empowered by the life of his neighbors that he began to dope off track of time. Jealousy influenced Bill to metamorphosis into somebody else.Arlene Millers jealousy also made her feel resentful towards her wealthy neighbors. She wished to have the said(prenominal) opportunities her friends seemed to have. As time passed, Arlene also had the itch to snoop into the secrets of their neighbors home. She found exactly what she was searching for, something to prove that the Stones didnt live the perfect life. Ironically, due to her discovery and jealousy the unbelievable fell upon her. She realized she was locked out of her neighbors apartment.

Refutation To A Bias Suggestion :: essays research papers

Refutation to a Bias Suggestion     "Some people signify that the Bible, being a collection of texts writtenlong ago by persons much unalike from ourselves, does non have much (or every)significance for modern people."     The clue that the Bible is invalid simply due to its authors andera is absurd and bias. This statement is supported by God and all modern daybelievers. Almost any Christian you confront with this statement would mostlikely give you a blank stare. However, it is mainly non- Christians who wouldmake such a slanted view of the Bible.     I am an the Statesn. The authors of the Bible were not. Why should thisinfluence my opinion in the least amount? Simply because the texts of the Bibleare old does not void their validity. Although we whitethorn not share the samenationality with the authors of the Bible, we do share common beliefs and faiths.Taken from a different perspective, non-Christians do n ot share the samebeliefs, obviously, or they would not make such statements.     Another question one may ask themselves is exactly how different are theauthors of the Biblical texts from ourselves. Is it their lifestyle or careerthat makes them so exotic in relation to us? Is it just because they spokeanother language? They are children of God, just as we are. Science today isstill discovering new evidence that proves the existence of a "mother of allhumanity." We all share a common gene pool, we are all descendants of Adam andEve.     Since the low of recorded history, religion has had a profound tint on the present society. Romans, Greeks, Hindus, and Catholics have allmolded their societies and laws around religion. As far as impact goes, look atthe Spanish Inquisition. It is difficult for one to refute that Catholicism hadlittle or no impact on the Aztecs of modern day Mexico. even off our laws todayreflect the ten commandments given to Moses by God himself. We are forbidden bypresent day law in the United States of America to either steal or murder.     Religion has powerful influence concerning the outcome of a child. Thevalues and beliefs of religions are impressed upon youths. Some may bedifferent from others, but most parents bring up their children into the samefaith as themselves. Concerning the teachings of Christianity, the Bible isprobably the most commonly used tool. Therefore, children raised in Christianhomes will most likely be taught the values and teachings of the Bible,influencing them dramatically. Christianity is the most commonly practiced

Erich Fromms Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem Essay e

Erich Fromms Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral ProblemIn Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem, Erich Fromm (1963) argues that society leave alone self-destruct without achieving laxdom through disobedience. Fromm begins with analogies of Hebrew and Greek mythology showing how disobedience to a god freed humans. employ this correlation, Fromm shows freedom as a condition for disobedience, and vice- versa. Therefore, Fromm proclaims that without disobedience the human race could destroy itself within a generation.Fromms article, first published in 1963, stems from dismay of a third world war. Despite the outdated comment by Behrens and Rosen in the introduction, the article still applies to suggestion human nature during the War on Terrorism. Fromm (1963) Fromm predominately uses logos, with underlying pathos (appeals to emotions) when discussing religion. Fromm adds a section near the end about Hitlers right hand man, Adolf Eichmann, which seems out of place. However, in 1963 the reference to individual players of the final solution such as Eichmann probably equates to the 21st century usage of Cindy Sheehan. The flow of Fromms article lacks logical arguments while ignoring religious values of his biblical examples, especi solelyy disco biscuit and Even.Believers of both Judaism and Christianity believe God created everything including man and woman. First, God created man (Adam) to live in the Garden of Eden, and then woman (Eve) from Adams rib for companionship. God gave all of his glorious creations to them provided fruit from The Tree of Knowledge stayed uneaten. As the myth goes, Eve ate the fruit from the tree resulting in banishment for both. Fromm (1963) claims this act resulted in Adam and Eves freedom... ...l itself off until the majority becomes authority. Fromm (1963) believes the need for disobedience grows as this authority increases. However, he neglects to suggest when disobedience should stop. When the majority continu ally stops all outbreak of disobedience, I believe over time we will accept the initial concept they wanted to fight. When we win the War on Terrorism, the people of Iraq will be free with their own constitution and government. At that time, any attempt to disobey the government might shake their foundation, but it will not free the insurgency as Fromm suggests. Sources CitedChildbirth.org. (2001). Pregnancy & Childbirth Information. Retried October 10, 2005, from http//childbirth.org/Fromm, E. (1963). Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem (Ed.), Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum (pp. 357-361). advanced York Pearson.

Erich Fromms Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem Essay e

Erich Fromms Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral ProblemIn Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem, Erich Fromm (1963) argues that society bequeath self-destruct without achieving expeldom through disobedience. Fromm begins with analogies of Hebrew and Greek mythology showing how disobedience to a god freed humans. victimization this correlation, Fromm shows freedom as a condition for disobedience, and vice- versa. Therefore, Fromm proclaims that without disobedience the human race could destroy itself within a generation.Fromms article, first published in 1963, stems from charge of a third world war. Despite the outdated comment by Behrens and Rosen in the introduction, the article still applies to suggestion human nature during the War on Terrorism. Fromm (1963) Fromm predominately uses logos, with underlying pathos (appeals to emotions) when discussing religion. Fromm adds a section near the end about Hitlers right hand man, Adolf Eichmann, which seems out of pl ace. However, in 1963 the reference to individual players of the final solution such as Eichmann probably equates to the 21st century usage of Cindy Sheehan. The flow of Fromms article lacks logical arguments while ignoring religious values of his biblical examples, especi eachy raptus and Even.Believers of both Judaism and Christianity believe God created everything including man and woman. First, God created man (Adam) to live in the Garden of Eden, and then woman (Eve) from Adams rib for companionship. God gave all of his glorious creations to them provided fruit from The Tree of Knowledge stayed uneaten. As the myth goes, Eve ate the fruit from the tree resulting in banishment for both. Fromm (1963) claims this act resulted in Adam and Eves freedom... ...l itself off until the majority becomes authority. Fromm (1963) believes the need for disobedience grows as this authority increases. However, he neglects to suggest when disobedience should stop. When the majority continually stops whatsoever outbreak of disobedience, I believe over time we will accept the initial concept they wanted to fight. When we win the War on Terrorism, the people of Iraq will be free with their own constitution and government. At that time, any attempt to disobey the government might shake their foundation, but it will not free the insurgency as Fromm suggests. Sources CitedChildbirth.org. (2001). Pregnancy & Childbirth Information. Retried October 10, 2005, from http//childbirth.org/Fromm, E. (1963). Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem (Ed.), Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum (pp. 357-361). naked as a jaybird York Pearson.

Aristotelian ethics Essay

Aristotelian ethics is focused on the search for happiness through honor. Happiness functions as the chief and final give nonice of man while virtue is a mediated assert in amidst the irrational t turn backencies of man. The Aristotelian ethical system is primarily focused on the nonion of virtue and value of the golden rigorous which focuses on practicality as a method of achieving happiness in opposition to self-realization.According to Aristotle, ethical experience is not precise compared to the study of mathematics or the sciences, but a practical discipline that in order to be good or impeccant is not to quantify it as a study but to actually experience becoming good or virtuous. In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotles work breaks outdoor(a) from the reason-centered philosophies of his predecessors namely Plato and Aristotle concerning the reason-establish pursuit of the highest form of good through an empirical and a goal-centered flak.The attainment of the good is the foundation of Aristotelian ethical principles ethics during the context of holy Greek philosophy is primarily concerned on living the good life through the modalityration of actions. This notion of good however is different from the epicurean perspectives concerning the happiness. Hedonism centers its beliefs on pleasure as the purpose or final end of man while Aristotles ethics are primarily directed to the traffic pattern and experience of life through virtue and mediation.He argues that the rational and irrational tendencies of the understanding such as aspirations, relys, wants, and needs, have an ultimate end. Happiness is the final end of such tendencies however, the process in which happiness may be achieved may go against the dictates of the soul because of subjectivity. Contrary to Platos self-existing good, happiness is practical rather than an exalted it can be reach in the sense that an individual must experience it. The highest form of good must be desirable i n itself and not to function to some other self-serving purpose.For Aristotle, happiness is found in the everyday experiences of life and work that is unique to rationalistic merciful soul. The individuals purpose is to act upon what is inherently human, that is, to attain happiness through experience. The fulfillment of such end leads to the raise of eudaimonia, literally meaning happiness. Eudaimonia is a state of state of mind rather than an interpretative or emotive arrest of happiness per se. In order to achieve such, Aristotle first defines the distinct parts of the human soul, the notion of virtue and its function as part of experience.Happiness is subjective to the individual since there are many forms and concepts wherein happiness can be see pleasure leads to a state of temporal and physical happiness but does not eternally reside on the individual. The multitude of perspectives concerning the attainment of a widely distributed proposition idea of happiness is a dile mma since experience provides a subjective interpretation of a phenomenon, there may be no existing universal idea. As narrated in the Ethics And so the man who has been educated in a subject is a good judge of that subject, and the man who has received an comprehensive education is a good judge in general.Hence a young man is not a proper hearer of lectures on governmental science for he is inexperienced in the actions that occur in life (Aristotle 3). For Aristotle, experience and practicality are the foundations of ethical belief. In contrast with his predecessors mode of ethical discipline, Aristotle argues that ethics cannot be derived from an abstract notion such as Platos Theory of Forms where the self-existing good remains self-evident and unchangeable. This reason-based or rationalistic approach is refuted with Aristotles empirical standpoint.Experience, according to Aristotle, is a unique human condition and its uniqueness provides the basis for the formation of a practi cal ethical system of belief. In order to understand the concept of virtue, Aristotle first divides the parts of the human soul into two parts, the rational and irrational soul which is further subdivided into three categories, namely the vegetative, appetitive, and calculative value. The irrational part of the human person is related to the animalistic soul or instinct (nutritive value), while the rational soul is the distinguishing factor against pure lifelike tendencies.Thus, rational nature of the soul is the definition of the human persona humans has the ability to reason (calculative/appetitive) and impose take in on irrational tendencies. The normative control over irrational desires is also a part of Aristotles biological differentiation between man and animal. Animals rely on instinct or desire which is irrational, to maintain their survival. The control of the irrational nature (appetitive) leads to the formation of moral virtue while the perfection of the pure rational istic soul which provides intellect and reason (calculative) is cognize as an intellectual virtue.Thus, moral virtue falls under the middle ground between the intellect, which regulates it, and the passions, which virtue attempts to control. justice is defined as a state of character concerned with choice, lying in a mean, i. e. the mean relative to us, this being determined by a rational principle, and by that principle by which the man of practical wisdom would determine it (Aristotle 35). Virtue, in accordance with experience, is based from practical knowledge. Contradicting the notion of the self-existing good, practical knowledge replaces the notion of self-existing truths.The Platonic notion of understanding these truths is through self-recognition of ignorance as an obstacle of intellectual illumination. In contrast, the practicality of experience acts as the foundation of virtue that is learned through the uniqueness of human experience. Experience is so essential in acqu iring these virtues rather than acknowledge the presence of such through the affirmation of doubt. Platos theory as exemplified in the Allegory of the subvert calls for the self-affirmation of I know nothing in order to determine the absolute or ideal knowledge that exists in the realm of the forms.Aristotle deviates from this rationalistic approach as he emphasizes on practicality in determining truths. Further, Aristotle explains since things that are found in the soul are of three kinds passions, faculties, states of character, virtue must be one of these (Aristotle 43) The soul as expressed in its dualistic rational and irrational parts, contain passions, faculties, and other states of character. The passions consist of the emotional either accompanied by pleasure or pain (e. g. joy, sorrow). The faculties of the soul is the capability of these emotions (e.g. being happy, joyful, etc. ), while the states of character is the middle ground in-between the emotional opposites (e. g . consumed or weakened by anger). Virtue is then a mediation of the passions which acts upon the faculties of the soul and leads to the essence on the states of character. One of the important notions in Aristotelian ethics is the notion of the Golden Mean. The golden mean separates human action (e. g. passions) into virtue and vice. The mean, in context with experience, provides the avenue of practicing virtue in the process of attaining happiness.Virtues are either at mean or in opposition (virtue and vice). Vices are further categorized either in its extreme or deficient sense while moral virtue functions as the modulate principle situates action in moderation. For example, the virtue of modesty is the mean between the vice of deficiency (shamelessness) and extreme (bashfulness). The virtue of courage is the middle ground between rashness and cowardice. The concept of the golden mean is dictated by the functions of rationality wherein behavior is formed through experience.It how ever cannot be quantified through a numeral or logical proposition meaning to eat 100 times in excess means it cannot be justified by starving oneself in 50. This ethical system is solely dependent on the conception of rationality on the part of the individual in relation to the uniqueness of experience. The value of virtue is the understanding of mediation in action rather than performing in excess or deficiency. To understand the middle ground of opposite actions leads to intellectual immobility or realization that to be in excess and deficient leads either through temporary happiness (pleasure) or the lack of it (pain).In addition, the task of decision the middle ground in vices is a difficult task. According to Aristotle Hence also it is no on the loose(p) task to be good. For in everything it is no easy task to find the middle, e. g. to find the middle of a circle is not for everyone but for him who knows so, too, any one can get angry that is easy or give or spend money but to do this to the right person, to the right extent, at the right time with the right motive, and in the right way, that is not for everyone, nor it is easy. (Aristotle 49)To easily determine the middle ground of vices cannot be applied for the totality of every individual since the irrational soul still acts upon its instinctive nature. In relation to the Platonic challenged posed by the Theory of Forms, the attainment of the good is solely dependent on the individual to countermand the irrational passions in order to send the soul and purpose in attaining its final end. Platos challenge is focused on the breakaway from ignorance to understand the ideal world in which the world of illusions is based from.Aristotle on the other hand, focuses on the importance of experience and practical knowledge to know happiness means we have to experience happiness. Aristotles happiness is attained through the practice of virtue and the regulation of the golden mean. However, Aristotle argue s So much, then, is plain that the intermediate state is in all things to be praised, but that we must carry sometimes towards the excess, sometimes towards the deficiency, for so shall we most easily hit the mean and what is right (Aristotle 50).In order to understand the mean, Aristotle again notes the importance of experience. The individual must therefore experience the extreme opposites of the passions (vice) in order to determine the golden mean. For example, one cannot know the virtue of courage if one does not become a coward (deficient) or be rash (excess) in actions. It is only after experience teaches the individual the value of virtue and virtue in turn, leads to the attainment of eudaimonia in which happiness is eternal.ReferenceAristotle. Nicomachean Ethics (M. Ostwald, Trans. ) New York Collier Macmillan. 1962

Reasons of divorce Essay

I. IntroductionA. what is break up?B. reasons of divorceThesis Statement split up should not be legalized in the Philippines because it is a long stern process, detrimental to the nestlingren, and bequeath start custody battle.II. BodyA. Divorce is a long and dangerous processCounter argument the divorce process will benefit freedom from the divorcee Refutation While on process, divorce can cause serious psychological impacts to the children unless you can dumbfound a way to make sure the child is safe.B. Divorce is detrimental to childrenCounter Argument divorce will teach children to be responsible and to hold in life situations Refutation Children are far worse off financially, educationally and emotionally than at times when parents stay together. On top of this, their instinct of stability and security will decrease rapidly as well.C. Divorce will start fights over custodyCounter Argument the offspring will be the one to choose the parent he/she will stay with. Refutatio n Parents should have equal time with the child and always be there for themIII. ConclusionRevision of thesis statementNO TO DIVORCEDivorce is an agreement between married raft to terminate their marri term relationship. It can be referred to as dissolution of marriage and is raw materialally, the action that ends the marriage before the death of either spouse. There are many different and complex causes and reasons for divorce, each of them particularised to that particular couples marital relationship, their individual experiences, and personal problems. None of them may seem common to the community going through a divorce, of course, however many of the reasons recur enough to warrant the term. Divorce has become a ubiquitousprocedure worldwide, affecting not only parents and their children, tho also the people that surrounds the family unit, and therefore presents a terrifying threat for the affected child. Nevertheless, despite of the conventionality of divorce, it perse veres to affect various aspects of childrens daily lives and practice. Children and adolescents are therefore deprived of a customary and stable family upbringing and hence suffer the disadvantages of a single-parent family structure.Divorce can be counted as a common legal procedure for the bifurcation of marriage, which ultimately results in the separation of two parents and certain division of property and final custodial guarding of children. Divorce should not be legalized in the Philippines because it is a long dangerous process, detrimental to the children, and will start custody battle. Divorce is a process that will take a long time before approval. Even though it will benefit the divorcee because of the freedom that will be gained, their offspring will suffer during the process. The freedom of the divorcee will not change that he/she will still have responsibilities to their child, It will not make sense to start a new life without looking back and bringing the child he/s he had in the past. During the process, their child will be unsure if his/her parents will end up together or not, and may do acts of rebellion because of the situation. Divorce can cause serious psychological impacts to the children unless the parents can find a way to make sure the child is safe. It will also cost a lot of money before and during process.If lots of money is used for divorce, how will they sustain the financial needs of their child? Separation of parents will cause hurt to children, Studies have distinguished that children and adolescents raised in an intact family structure display evidence of disciplined behavior, as opposed to their counterparts that are often characterized by willful neglect and regressive attitude. Children experience extensive blemish and unexpected change after the divorce of their parents. The majority of the effects of divorce are unpleasant since children are deprived of a formerly familiar environment and status in the community. Child ren typically experience grief and melancholia as they undergo through various mood changes, involving overreaction, loss of personal identity and the inability to adjust to a differential setting. Children at young age should not experience this and are too young to be responsible and adapt in this situation.Once thedivorce is approved, the main problem would be, who will take custody of the child? Custody of children is one of the most violent aspects in family litigation.The general rule is that a child under seven years old, shall not be separated from the mother which is based on the basic need of a child for his mothers loving care article 213 of the family code provides that no child under seven years of age shall be separated from the mother, unless the court finds compelling reasons to order otherwise.This issue will again start a new argument to the parents and once more submitted to the court. The law of child custody is not absolute, because once the parents are separ ated it is automatic that the child under seven years will be with the mother, but if the mother is not able enough to sustain the needs of the child, it is not right to do so. Divorce will lead to many problems affecting the children and the people that surrounds the family unit. People should not quit relationships, they should quit three As, adultery, addiction, and abuse. Divorce is never a solution, its a suffer to a child involve. fibredemo, d. h., and cox, m. (2000). families with young children a review of research in the 1990s. journal of marriage and the family 62876895. amato, p. r. (2000). the consequences of divorce for adults and children. journal of marriage and the family 6212691287. linsa (2009,march 18). Telling your spouse you necessity a divorce Web log post. Retrieved from http//debatingdivorce.blogspot.com/

Economics at the University of Pennsylvania Essay

Although I want to major in Economics at the University of Pennsylvania, I have a passion for poetry and prose, and I would live more than anything to develop my writing skills in Penns School of Arts and Sciences. That program provides the disciplined and distinguished qualities that I seek. One must be a great reader before becoming a great writer, so I indulge in books of e precise genre to expand my range of knowledge. writings brings me great joy, and I will strive to integrate my fondness for knowledge and writing into my college experience.Penns English Department is unique in that it provides the opportunity for students to show up an emphasis on studies in creative writing. Within that framework, I want to channel my passion for poetry into academia. As founder and president of Shandong Normal University publications Association, if accepted, I plan to visit the Kelly Writers House religiously as a way to satisfy my perpetual craving for remarkable literature. I envisio n myself grabbing a turkey and cheese sandwich with no mayonnaise at the 1920 Commons, then rushing dispatch to the Kelly Writers House with an armful of books by Maya Angelou and Eric Schlosser.Gathered in a slicked circle of chairs, I want to share professional works with fellow literature lovers. We will offer our own daring lines of free verse, swap suggestions, compliments, and light-hearted laughs. During workshops, my very soul seeps steadily through an invisible tube from brain to ballpoint. This complex phenomenon of input-output produces painstakingly arranged ink on paper, a painting made of letters. On my way to a morning class on modern the Statesn poetry, I will pass Oldenbergs famed Split Button and know Mr.Franklin sitting upright in his chair. After the lecture, I can envision Professor Josephine Park and I conducting research by analyzing the influence of conflicts between America and East Asia on Asian-American texts. As part of the Penn family, I will converse with colleagues, sisters, and brothers that destiny forgot to recognize. Then, I will tutor secondary school students about reading and writing through the outreach program.Having been featured in a myriad of written works and publishing my own collections, I will roll up my sleeves and work up literary pieces in the weekly undergraduate magazine, First Call. As evening emerges, I will bike to the Van Pelt Library, work comfortably in my favorite armchair, and complete the finishing touches on a Second World War paper. Traveling to other parts of the City of Brotherly Love, study free radical friends and I will order a few Philly Cheesesteaks from Pats King of Steaks for dinner. My roommate, with lips coated in frothy toothpaste, will open the door when I get back.After taking a shower, I will dry my hair on a blue polka dot towel, sit on my bed, and chortle cheerfully while my roommate chatters about the highlights of her day. Then I will read an article about the Penn Museum fr om The Daily Pennsylvanian. After turning off the lights and setting my alarm clock for 600am, I will drape my jogging shorts and shirt on a chair for the morning. Before adrift(p) off to sleep, I will fondly recall submitting my application to Penn, and smile in the quiet of my room, happy to be here at last.

Crime Theories

Crime Theories Jaime Morris Professor Al CIS170-Wk. 4Ass. 2 11/04/12 Digital detestations argon believed to be caused by different types of theories. The warp theory could be the cause of digital offensives because the strain of everyday action. The run theory is a sociological theory. The strain of an mortals everyday life is causing people to give in to the pressures in society. Some of these individuals feel that they cant survive without crime. Strains such as peer pressure, the gain of pecuniary security, and just not being able to reach certain expectations or goals could be factors in the decision in transportting a crime.This type of strains can ingrain individuals or groups in society. Some people turn to crime digital or non- digital if they cant maintain their living standards by not being able to get property legally (working a job). This is where the digital crime usually fits in when there is a monetary gain. There is so much that can affect an individuals rea soning on why to choose to commit digital crimes. The social environmental factors, official crime control methods, values & beliefs, psychological, biological, and social factors interact in different degrees on individuals and groups and therefore give birth to the commitment of crime. 2008). In the Strain theory of crime three situations causes strain on individuals or some groups in society such as 1. Groups/Individuals preventing them from achieving their goals 2. When an individual or group value is taken aside from them 3. Some groups present an individual or group with nix stimuli The motivation or goals can be money, status,/respect, or adolescence autonomy from adults. According to this theory if an individual is prevented from achieving their goals then this will cause strain on them nd to restore respect, money or freedom they may use violent behavior, theft, drug dealing and other illegal methods to obtain money. Lower-class individuals are said to commit crimes beca use they are unable to earn enough money which leaves them financially unstable or insecure. Middle-class and high-class individuals are believed to commit digital crimes because they want to maintain certain lifestyle or because of greed. Greed is a big reason that I believe digital crimes are committed in todays society. Digital crimes are becoming more common these days because of constant digital or internet access.Negative events such as child abuse, criminal victimization, physical punishment by parents, negative relations with parents, negative relationships with teachers, negative school experiences, negative experiences with peers, neighborhood problems or other life altering events can increase the likelihood of an individual to commit crimes or digital crimes. I believe the Strain theory could be relevant for the cause of digital crimes because crimes is the result of lack of opportunity, in particular economic opportunity. The U. S. nstills in citizens a desire for finan cial succeeder but does not always provide equal opportunity to achieve that success. Therefore, this puts a strain on those who do not have the opportunity. The goal of the U. S. citizens are material wealth. This is what makes white-collar crime exist. Individuals who enjoy a degree of monetary success may engage in instrumental crimes such as money laundering, espionage, or fraud simply because they perceive goal blockage in their attempt to secure ever-increasing wealth. (2008). This is why the Strain theory applies to digital crimes being committed.Some digital crimes are cyber bullying and stalking. Some non-digital crimes could be murder, burglary, or robbery. Finally, while there are many factors that cause an individual or group to commit digital crimes. The main theory is the economic success of wealth that is said to be the focus of digital crimes. While there are other factors such as anger, depression, frustration, or fear, I believe the most common to be wealth. I fee l that digital crimes need to be addressed immediately and focused on so that the U. S. can deter or stop this criminal activity.A persons life can be changed with the stroke of a computer describe and this is devastating for the victims. Unfortunately, digital crimes are on the rise but they can be decreased with certain security measures taken. Criminals have so many opportunities to commit crimes and this has got to be stopped. References Taylor, R. , Fritsch, E. , Liederbach, J. , & Holt, T. (2011). Digital crime and digital terrorism. (2nd ed. ). New Jersey Pearson Education, Inc. (2008, July 1). Retrieved from http//socyberty. com/sociology/theories-of By prit in Sociology. (n. d. ). Retrieved from www. dmacc. edu/instructors/slude/hofen/E-

Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay

Question 3 personnel corrupts and domineering world-beater corrupts absolutely.To what extent does this utter apply to George Orwells beast call down? The quote power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely made by Lord Acton relates to the novel Animal Farm signifi supporttly. This quote expresses the fact that power can be abused and some ill-famed cases in history has shown that this can end in a tragedy. Power is a way through which authority and control is stimulateed. It can be attained through the form of respect or in some infamous cases, fear. The idea that absolute power corrupts absolutely relates most directly to the pigs who possess the most power over the farm yet neglect their duties to the farm and its habitants, principal to a dictatorship. One of the pigs who displays power over the animals was Old Major. Old Major was someone who was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to fall away an hours sleep in order to hear what he had to say (page 1). He used their respect for him to persuade them to strive for the creation of a better life. Old Major had power but wasnt corrupted. His main goal was to create a utopian society in which equity is practised. later on the death of Old Major, the responsibility of leading the farm naturally fell on to the shoulders of Snowball and cat sleep. When commencing their leadership, Snowball and nap were focused on helping to develop a better life for all the animals but as the novel progressed, Napoleons idea of leadership became corrupted. In contrast to Old Major, Napoleon took actions which were for the sole benefit of the pigs. He abused his power and neglected his responsibilities as a leader. Napoleon first attained power through respect but later maintained it through fear a lot like the infamous Hitler. The animals werent permitted to oppose Napoleon as they feared him, but suddenly the dogs sitting round Napoleon let out deep, menacing growls, and the pigs f ell silent and sat down again (page 40) . Hitler, like Napoleon, gained power over Germany but later used these powers to enforce his own beliefs onto the people. It was evident to the reader that Napoleon was corrupted from when the animals(including Snowball) trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared (page 18). Snowball was victim to the corrupted Napoleon. One sole reason as to why Snowball was evicted from the farm was due to Napoleons hunger for absolute power.Although this is not clearly pointedout by Orwell, it is evident for the reader. Napoleon, before the eviction of Snowball, did pull in power and authority over the animal, but he did not have their undivided attention. The animals formed themselves into two factions under the slogans, Vote for Snowball and the three-day week and Vole for Napoleon and the full manger(page 37). Napoleon craved for more power and as the quote state s absolute power corrupts absolutely, he became absolutely corrupted after he gained absolute power through the eviction of Snowball. Napoleon became more and more like Jones and the valets he once despised. The most significant indication of the immense corruption in Animal Farm can be ascertained through the altering of the Seven formulas. After the rebellion, the responsibility of following these commandments were given to every animal on the farm. These commandments were what distinguished the animals from humans. They helped the animals recognise the vices of human beings and assisted them in remembering these corruptions so they themselves, would never adopt them.Throughout the book, these commandments were continuously altered to the pigs preferences, such as the situation in which Snowballs followers were executed. As the pigs did not want the other animals to think that the Commandments had been violated, the sixth Commandment No animal shall kill any other animal was cha nged to No animal shall kill any other animal without cause. Somehow or other the last two words had slipped out of the animals memory. But they motto now that the Commandment had not been violated. (Page 66). Additionally, the presence of a corrupted leader resulted in a corrupted government. The pigs placed themselves higher than other animals to whom the author very much referred to as slaves. The pigs persuaded the animals through fear of Jones return, it is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs fai conduct in our duty? Jones would come back (Page 25).They lived in luxury while the other animals starved as once again all rations were reduced except those of the pigs and the dogspage 81. The Farm has not hold up the utopian society strived for due to the corrupted government. The pigs regarded themselves to be on a higher tier than the other animals, completely violating the last and most important Commandment All animals are equal. This corruption led to the failure of the rebellion. Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely is one quote whichsummarises the events occurring in the novel Animal Farm. It expresses the negligence and abuse of power such as that of the pigs. The corruption of the pigs, particularly their leader, Napoleon, expressed the truth behind this quote. The presence of corruption eventually led to the failure of the rebellion.

Porters 5 forces for Flipkart

Threat of New Entrants Industry seems to have very high potential but is at its nascent stage. Lots of scope of product in the futureM each small players might enter to explore the marketHigh capital investment is required as it is still in the nascent stage. Would not be frequently of a deterrent as venture capitalists are interested in investing, as they see a future in it.Flipkart is already an established its punctuate name and network across the nation. Hence, it may not be affected by the entry of small players in its market domainFlipkart is slowly moving up. Although, another(prenominal) players are learning from Flipkarts mistakes and trying to do better. Since the industry is emerging profits cannot be achieved. Determinants of Supplier Power For Suppliers (product manufacturers), e-commerce is another platform to sell their products, without any differentiation Hence, e-commerce companies have little amount of bargaining power, including Filpkart.There is an exception in case of popular products, as company has lot of alternatives. Their switching cost is low, if at that place is no contact.Not all suppliers may have the ability of willingness to forward integrate, as it is highly risky market.Price discrimination is very much possible.As Flipkart is an inventory- based business model, they cloud in bulk from their suppliers.Treating suppliers as partners would be very beneficial for Flipkart and its suppliers.Rivalry amongst existing firms Flipkart is having a hard time as it is competing with its competitors in e-commerce as well as retail stores.Flipkart has less competitors of the same size, but many in smaller size.Flipkart has lot of competitors now , but not as massive as them, small in size but large in number.Incentive to fight is low, as the market is big enough for everyone to grow but on that point is no profit margin.Exit costs are very high, as Flipkart has an Inventory based business model.

General Motors with Lean Manufacturing

customary Motors with Lean Manufacturing An Introduction of GM Global Manufacturing arrangement Operations Management Team Project Contri anded by We Make A+ (sort by number) 2009 050 444 2010 049 712 2010 054 149 2010 059 605 9125 620 120 Division of Business Administration, H anyang Univ. ERICA Ansan, December 2012 Contents demote 1. Overview of command Motors2 1. 1 Why General Motors? 2 1. 2 Introduction of General Motors3 1. 3 Basic Information3 1. 4 History of GM4 1. 5 GMs family4 Part 2. Introduction of Lean Manufacturing4 2. 1 interpretation5 2. 2 Lean and TPS5 2. 3 Theme Efficiency6Part 3. GMs Global Manufacturing musical arrangement6 3. 1 Application of Lean Manufacturing6 3. 2 In-Progress constraint and Verification7 3. 3 Process Failure and Effect Analysis11 3. 4 lumber Feedback/Feedforward11 3. 5 type carcass Management13 Part 4. Comments14 4. 1 Achievements beyond Efficiency14 4. 2 A Too-Lean GM? 15 Bibliography16 Part 1. Overview of General Motors 1. 1 Why General Motors? First automotive perseverance has started in 1885 since Karl Benz and Daimler develop gasoline engine cars. The early automotive manufacturing was expensive ,slow and didnt escape from the design of the wagon type.But The introduction of Henry Fords conveyor fringe is way as to be able to mass-produced, it became the beginning of popularization. U. S. automotive company seek to enter into the world in Europe ,since 1920s and by combining U. S.. s car performance technology and Europes brand survey, Europe emerged as the largest food market in the world. At the European economy provide recoer in 1950, U. S. has big(p) enough to occupy 80% in world market and Europe built a new product differentiation and diversification strategy in order to correspond to U. S. At this point should be noned that Japans inroad into world market.Because of Korean war, Japan laid the foundation of ontogeny and The 1960s, world-wide automotive market is growing, Japan pa rticipate in global automotive market. Especi ally, Japan made new Labor- circumspection relations by new industrial organization and distinctive production manner, and spreading Toyota production establishment and JIT approach to become more(prenominal) competitive, They were formed 3 polarized system to dominate the world market with U. S. and Europe. After that, Before and later the 1980s, Asian countries, including countries such(prenominal) as Mexico and Brazil participated in global automotive market as a weapon low-income and small car. In 1990s, U.S. lead global automotive market increasing core competencies by innovation to reengineering, benchmarking, restructuring, and downsizing, etc, competing with Japan. In the late 1990s, Automotive market undergo great confusion due to gourmandize and changing consumer needs, and Multinational automotive companies MA is greatly increasing, and a small number of large companies lead global automotive market. In the consort of th e automotive industry, after establishment in 1908, GM lay the foundation focusing on to raise the size merging Buick, Cadillac, including 25 companies and maintain offset in sales between 1933 to 2008.Also, in domestic, GM is known for a lot of familiar brands such as Chevrolet. Because GM overcome several financial crisis and still exist the center of the worlds automotive industry companies, we choose GM automotive industry companies, we choose GM 1. 2 Introduction of General Motors General Motors Company commonly known as GM (General Motors Corporation before 2009), is an American multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, and the worlds largest auto maker, by fomite unit sales, in 2011, employing 202,000 people and doing problem in some 157 countries.General Motors produces cars and trucks in 31 countries, and sells and services these vehicles finished the following four regional segments, which argon GM North America (GMNA), GM Europe (GME), G M International Operations (GMIO), and GM South America (GMSA), through which development, production, marketing and sales are organise in their respective world regions, plus as fifth segment GM Financial. 1. 3 Basic Information Industry Automotive Founded September 16, 1908 Founder(s) William C. Durant military headquarters Renaissance Center, Detroit, Michigan, the US Number of locations 156 facilities on six continentsArea served Worldwide Product Automobiles, Financial Service 1. 4 History of GM 1908 Founded by William. C. Durant 1910-1929 The rise of the railway car captured imaginations and sparked invention. 1930-1959 GMs commitment to innovation lent optimism during tumultuous world events. 1960-1979 GM offered forward-thinking answers to an increasingly eco-conscious world. 1980-1999 The close of the 20th century brought tremendous global growth for GM 2000-2008 Trying economic times saw GM embracing an enduring passion for innovation. Today We are passionate a bout designing, fabricateing and merchandising the worlds best vehicles. This vision unites us as a police squad and is the hallmark of our customer-driven culture. 1. 5 GMs family Part 2. Introduction of Lean Manufacturing 2. 1 Definition What is lean manufacturing(lean)? Lean manufacturing, lean enterprise, or lean production, often simply, Lean, is a production practice that considers the expenditure of resources for any goal other than the creation of value for the end customer to be wasteful, and thus a target for elimination.Working from the perspective of the customer who consumes a product or service, value is defined as any action or butt against that a customer would be willing to pay for. Essentially, lean is centered on preserving value with less do. Lean manufacturing is a management philosophy derived mostly from the Toyota Production System (TPS) (hence the term Toyotism is also prevalent) and key out as Lean only in the 1990s. TPS is renowned for its focus on r eduction of the original Toyota seven wastes to improve overall customer value, but there are varying perspectives on how this is best achieved.The steady growth of Toyota, from a small company to the worlds largest automaker, has focused attention on how it has achieved this success. 2. 2 Lean and TPS Lean is a management philosophy genuine from the Toyota Production System (TPS) and identified as Lean in the 1990s. The Toyota Production System (TPS) is an integrated socio-technical system, developed by Toyota, that comprises its management philosophy and practices. The TPS organizes manufacturing and logistics for the automobile manufacturer, including interaction with suppliers and customers. The system is a study precursor of the more generic lean manufacturing. Taiichi Ohno, Shigeo Shingo and Eiji Toyoda developed the system between 1948 and 1975. Originally called just-in-time production, it builds on the approach created by the founder of Toyota, Sakichi Toyoda, his son Ki ichiro Toyoda, and the engineer Taiichi Ohno. The principles inherent the TPS are embodied in The Toyota Way. TPS focuses on reduction of the original Toyota seven wastesto improve overall customer value. But there are varying perspectives on how this is best achieved. 2. 3 Theme Efficiency Lean manufacturing is a variation on the theme ofefficiency base on optimizing geological period.It is a present-day face of the recurring theme in human history toward increasing efficiency, decreasing waste, and using empirical methods to decide what matters, rather than uncritically accepting pre-existing ideas. As such, it is a chapter in the larger narrative that also includes such ideas as the folk wisdom of thrift, time and motion study, Taylorism, the Efficiency Movement, and Fordism. Lean manufacturing is often seen as a more refined version of earlier efficiency efforts, building upon the work of earlier leaders such as Taylor or Ford, and learning from their mistakes.Part 3. GMs Glob al Manufacturing System 3. 1 Application of Lean Manufacturing To be more competitive in the global automotive industry, General Motors is concentrated on some key priorities get common think lean and run fast compete on a global basis grow the business and most importantly-focus on the product. GM Manufacturing is dedicated to lean and common as demonstrated by a single, global manufacturing approach a strategy that is changing the way it designs its products, lays out plants, selects equipment and design each assembly plant operators job.The GM Global Manufacturing System-or GMS-is an important building block of an integrated strategy to develop products that finish up customers in markets around the world. 3. 2 In-Progress Control and Verification In-Process Control & Verification includes the intent and purpose of the BIQ motto Satisfy your customer do not accept, build or ship a imperfection Solve problems through team work. Quality expectations are achieved in each exerci se to ensure defects are not passed on to downriver process. Well, it raises a question, how to achieve customer satisfaction?General Motors has three paths for solving this problem. In the first place, prevention avoids defects or non-standards occurring. Secondly, signal detectionidentify when defects or non-standards boast occurred. At last, use containment to assure defects or non-standards are not passed on. I will introduce these three methods in the following minutes. The benefits of In-Process Control & Verification consist of three aspects * To external customers (people buying our vehicle), it protects customers from sub-standard vehicle property it assures customer satisfaction. To internal customers (downstream operation), it prevents major repair and rework by detecting a non-conformity early in the process it prevents the flow of defects from department to department and station to station. * To internal customers (from suppliers), it protects Team Members from non -compliant parts from suppliers through advanced bore planning and go containment during spills. Prevention To understand the prevention, let me show you a comparison at first. As you can see in the picture, Using the Lean approach, we control the process by prevention.It results in less rework and repair, and higher first time quality. By contrast, the traditional approach is act to control the product, which is less efficient and more passive, with more rework and repair, and lower first time quality. Process Equipment Capability Reviews means periodic obstructors are conducted to identify trends or shifts in capability over periods of time. It includes four steps 1) Identify process equipment with high risk/impact 2) Conduct initial capability sufferation 3) Conduct regular scheduled reviews to confirm capability 4) Implement corrective action as required DetectionThe second method is detection. Detection has two purposes. Purpose 1 To make non-standard conditions in the man ufacturing process visible identify when defects or non-standard have occurred. Purpose 2 This harbours the Do Not Accept element of the quality motto * Inspection process that confirms quality as soon as possible following manufacture * Measures the output of the manufacturing process * Alerts organization to out of standard conditions * Supports containment and provides input into continuous improvement Quality Check System Update Internal/external Customers are monitored for feedback.Where there is an indication of defect flow-out through the Verification process, a systematic analysis will be conducted typically for 1) Items currently not included in the quality check list/control plan For example, update check list based on prioritization and risk analysis. 2) Current check items not found during the check process For example, improve standardized work or re-train team members. The quality check system must be established in consideration of the Supplier-Customer relationship . Inspection frequencies must be established by each supplier that prevents shipping defects to downstream customers.This is a requirement for safety & compliance items, key characteristics and for issues that will significantly impact the coterminous process or customer. During a repair, the risk for a strain to occur is increased many aspects of the repair operation are non-standard. So the Independent Repair Confirmation is very necessary. Many aspects of the repair operation are non-standard Any documented repair must be verified by Repair Confirmation (both on- and off-line) * Repair Confirmation must be conducted independently (e. g. by Quality). Standardized work (non-cyclic) should be used for the confirmation process quality standards must be available. * Appropriate training and knowledge of standards must be developed to conduct or confirm repairs. * Repair confirmation should be as close to the repair process as possible. * Repair confirmation can be conducted by man or machine. Workers can use Andon(A Kind of Signboard) to Stop The Process Work Station Team has the ability to recrudesce the line and exhaust standardized work in station if there are some problems in the product line.If the Team Member has a quality issue deep down their standardized work they activate the Andon system to * Initiate a call for help through station light, Andon board, and melody * Empower the Team Member to stop line & organization responds to provide support * Stop at FPS (Fixed Position Stop) to contain and complete the repair * Where Andon is not available the principles still apply frighten and Escalation Process When a defect is detected, feedback to the charm team or individual will be given by using a communication system. The alerting is raised by using audio/visual signals (e. . Andon). The alarm process directs the support functions to * Go and See the problem * Apply containment to prevent further flow of defects * Initiate problem solving Contai nment Containment the purpose of it is the achievement of customer expectations relies on a method to contain defects within the manufacturing process, and implement corrections to protect the next/downstream customer. This also supports the Do Not Ship element of the quality motto * Vehicle delivery to the customer * Powertrain and MFD plants to vehicle assembly * External supplier to the manufacturing plant Internal departments (e. g. between body, paint and GA) * Between work stations within a department Summary of In-Process Control and Verification Standardized work is performed in every process and includes the required quality checks. Process control activities are implemented on equipment to control variation on a periodical basis and maintain capability over a period of time. Detection confirms the manufacturing process and ensures both internal (Production Team Members) and External Customers (people who buy our products) are receiving products that adjoin or exceed the quality standards.A process is in place to contain defects within the manufacturing process and implement permanent corrective actions that are verified as being effective. 3. 3 Process Failure and Effect Analysis Purpose of this procedure Investigation, documentation and if necessary reduction of the risk likely (Risk Priority Number-RPN) for all production processes. RISK PRIORITY NUMBER S x O x D = RPN * S = Severity * O = Occurrence * D = Detection * RPN = Risk Priority Number* * 1 = Lowest1000 = Highest There are some questions to answer for the Process Failure and Effect Analysis Potential failure temperWhat things have gone wrong?What things could go wrong? Effects of failureWhat does a failure mean to the next operation, the assy plant, the final customer? Potential bring forth of failure Root cause what has gone wrong in the past Brainstorm what could cause failures? Current controls What do we do today to prevent the defect from occurring and getting to our customer? Re commended actions If current controls are not 100% effective, what actions should be taken? 3. 4 Quality Feedback/Feedforward Definition The communication of quality expectations and results between customers and suppliers through standardized communication pathways.Purpose To ensure that information on quality reaches those who need it. Feed Information Forward Internal and external suppliers communicate known/potential problems and/or problem solving status to their customers in a incidentally manner. This provides the customer with sufficient lead time to react to upcoming changes and take appropriate measures. Feed Information Back Internal and external customers communicate known/potential problems and/or problem solving resolution to their suppliers in a timely manner. This provides the supplier with sufficient lead time to react to customer issues and take appropriate measures.Build and quality status of each vehicle is communicated to downstream processes. Summary of Qualit y Feedback/Feedforward Feedback/Feedforward promotes the communication of quality expectations and results between customers and suppliers through * Clearly defining customer/supplier communication requirements Defining timing, content, and format of information Establishing metrics and the subsequent management process Effective implementation of the Feedback/Feedforward communication tools Problem identification, input into the plant problem solving process and countermeasure follow up . 5 Quality System Management Who is responsible for Quality? Team work is absolutely essential to deliver world-class quality. Everyone Quality is a shared responsibility Quality lam Resource Allocation Manufacturing and quality resources are allocated to support the quality system and interface with engineering. Each area requires sufficient resources to properly focus on financial support production and driving continuous improvement through P-D-C-A. Resource allocation needs to consider the qu ality and production components that are required to support the team member.Development of an organization for quality incorporates the Planning, Doing and Checking functions into their structure. Summary of Quality System Management Quality System Management provides the supporting structure and framework for the implementation of the quality system and ongoing improvement to the quality of our products through * Establishment and implementation of a strategic quality plan for the organization * Allocation of manufacturing and quality resources to support the quality plan * Development of an rganization for quality that incorporates the Planning, Doing and Checking functions into their structure * Identification of requirements for documentation, procedures, practices and assessments * Integration of both quality and manufacturing BPDs at all levels of the organization Part 4. Comments 4. 1 Achievements beyond Efficiency The GMS is generating positive results. By using GMS, Genera l Motors achieved efficiency in many aspects. And GMS is a system built around people.The system stresses the value of teamwork, and is based on an underlying philosophy that everyone, in every position, adds value. In an empowered environment, everyones experience and insights are valued. Manufacturing performance is improved through the logical adoption of five principals-people involvement, standardization, built in quality, short lead time and continuous improvement. The principals are interrelated and implemented as a complete system. When implemented, the GMS principals maximize performance in the areas of people systems, safety, quality, customer responsiveness and cost.Products, plants and processes are designed to allow GMs people to use their skills and abilities as efficiently as possible. GM is the industry benchmark in safety, a goal achieved through a strong partnership between GM and its unions. GMs workers realize a healthy, injury-free environment. The team concept is a critical part of managing quality by making each team responsible for managing quality in their area. Team members receive extensive training in identifying and solving problems. GMs manufacturing strategy maximizes customer responsiveness, by responding fast to customer and market trends.GMs manufacturing system concentrates on cost savings by eliminating all forms of waste that trim down from our ability to be competitive. 4. 2 A Too-Lean GM? It wasnt that long ago that General Motors was producing too many vehicles. Now the giant automaker cant produce enough for some area dealers, who tell they are finding it difficult to keep enough scrutinize of some new car and truck models to satisfy demand. And theyre probably losing some sales because of it I definitely believe its restricted our sales, Scott Hatchett, managing partner of Scholfield Buick GMC, said Monday.GMs efforts to emerge from bankruptcy a leaner company mean the inventory Hatchett and other dealers have acc ess to has been much thinner, especially for certain models such as GMC Terrain as well as the Buick Enclave and LaCrosse. We literally get down to where we have one or two of those vehicles in downslope, he said. Jill Hattan said her dealership, Don Hattan Chevrolet in Park City, has had a difficult time keeping in stock the harass Equinox and Camaro. Its just trickling in on top of a small inventory, she said. We are definitely missing some sales. Hattan said her dealership is trying to alleviate the lack of inventory from Chevrolet by tapping other dealers inventory. We actually try to purchase several at a time just for stock but when everyones short, thats not easy to do either, she said. GM spokesman Tom Henderson said his company is dramatically different now than before it entered a brief bankruptcy in June 2009. Its axed brands such as Saturn and Pontiac, closed plants and received $50 billion in aid from the federal government. Before GMs bankruptcy we typically ran with very high inventories, Henderson said.As a leaner company, its production has been sharply trimmed. Now the company is attempting to find the sweet spot between production and demand. Its a really delicate balancing act, Henderson said. Henderson said he couldnt disclose production rates going forward. But he did point to efforts by the company to ramp up production on the GMC Terrain and Chevy Equinox. It has taken an unused portion of its plant in Ontario, Canada, to create capacity for the manufacture of 60,000 to 80,000 more vehicles. Those two midsize SUVs are hot sellers for GM.GM said earlier this calendar month that through the first six months of 2010, sales of the Equinox and Terrain were up nearly 193 percent from the same period last year. Henderson said the company is listening to its dealers such as Hatchett and Hattan. We take their input seriously, Henderson said, adding that dealers should see this fall the results of GMs increased production efforts at its Canadia n plant. As for additional production increases, Well judge based on business conditions what to do going forward. Bibliography * http//www. gm. com * Womack, James P. Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos.The Machine That Changed the World,1990. * Bailey, David (24 January 2008). Automotive News calls Toyota world No. 1 car maker. Reuters. com. Reuters. Retrieved 19 April 2008. * http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lean_manufacturingcite_note-Reuters-3 * http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Toyota_Production_System * Strategos-International. Toyota Production System and Lean Manufacturing. * http//www. autointell-news. com/News-2003/January-2003/January-2003-1/January-03-03-p6. htm, GMs Global Manufacturing System A System To Build Great Cars and Trucks. * Jerry Siebenmark, A Too-Lean GM? , 2010.

Privacy vs. National Security Essay

The scope and nature of the problem is that after family 11, 2001 the politics has enhanced its surveillance procedure to a f neargonning level. With sensation policy, The USA patriot work out-2001, the US giving medication has effectively turned the United States of America into a police state. This policy gives the organisation impress agencies the right to spy on its citizens. Agents can gather maintaination by physically watching, or by other covert representation much(prenominal) as wire taps. It is no longer a unique(predicate) phone line but on individualistics. It allows service providers to disclose information and protects them from court deedion when the do. It permits a delay in endorsement notification, giving agents the ability to search before they piss a rationalize in hand. This policy gives the government the right to accuse, intimidate, and imprison its citizens of terrorism, and ignore the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was created to protect t he tribe from various injustices that the government could commit.The amendments that are affected the most are the 1st, 4th, and the 6th. (Asian Tribune,Hallstavik,June 5,2012, US Patriot be has denied Americans their freedom) Amendment I Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of people peaceably to assemble, and petition the government for a modify of grievances.(Hamilton, A.,1775, The Bill of Rights) The Patriot Act gives the government the freedom to monitor religious and political institutions without just cause. The government also today has the authority to prosecute any type of record keeper if they reveal that the government has subpoenaed information from them for a terrorismInvestigation. (Asian Tribune, Hallstavik, June 5, 2012, US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom) Amendment IV The right of the people to be secure in t heir persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall is execute, but upon probable cause. Supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. (Hamilton, A., 1775, Bill of Rights) The Patriot Act of course now gives the US government to do just that. They may search and seize a citizens property without probable cause regardless of it pertinence to a terror investigation. (Asian Tribune Hallstavik, June 5, 2012, US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom) Amendment VI In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a straightaway and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall create been committed, which district shall bedevil been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed at the nature and cause of the accusation to be confronted with the witnesses agai nst him to have compulsory process for recovering witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his self-denial. (Hamilton, A., 1775, Bill of Rights)The Patriot Act has given the government the power to jail US citizens indefinitely without charge or trial, or tied(p) to confront the witnesses against them. Once labeled an unlawful combatant, the accused can and have been held without communication and denied their right to an attorney. When they are permitted the attorneys and housed in a federal prison, they lose the right to attorney/client privilege. The government now has the right to monitor those communications as well. (Asian Tribune Hallstavik, June 5, 2012, US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom)Though there is one good point to the policy, which is providing for victims of terrorism, public officers and their families. That is but a single clause in the policy that is for the people, the outride gives the government an overwhelming and u ndeniable control over the American citizens rights and the means to continue and expand its control. In the summary, The USA Patriot Act A Sketch, by Charles Doyle, which can be located at http//www.fas.org/irp/crs/RS21203.pdf ,a proofreader can clearly see that what the Bill of Rights gave us the Patriot Act takes away. Reading numerous articles and summaries of the act it is obvious that the American people should be forebodinged about just how much power the government is gaining, then giving to the military and agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and Central parole Agency (CIA).The power the agencies have, have been a problem in the past as well. In 1975 the senate had selected a committee to oversee these agencies, primarily the FBI, which had been declared a vigilante organization. Focusing on suppressing groups from exercising their initiative Amendment rights, the FBI went with the theory that preventing the growth of a group would protect nation al security system. The Patriot Act has basically void this committee, while granting the government agencies free reign. (Hentoff,N., December 17, 2001, Homeland Defense of the Constitution)Since the bombing in Oklahoma urban center on April 15, 1995, the government has attempted to do more to prevent another terrorist attack, and it began with the Antiterrorism and Effective Death penalization Act of 1996. This in simplest terms takes the right of Habeus away from those convicted of terrorism. To file for Habeas Corpus is to petition for an early wrench and can be done repeatedly. The attack on the Twin Towers on 9-11 unfortunately has shaken the countries defense structure to its very core allowing for some rather irrational and extreme actions to be taken. much(prenominal) as the US Patriot Act, this act was adopted as a sunset policy (meaning it would lapse in four years). This was to enable the individual agencies to adapt and ascertain the effectiveness (Fritscher, L., November. 5, 2007.USA Patriot Act Pros and Cons).This policy, which to recounting an unprecedented 43 days to sign into law, was essentially formed to treamline communications between the agencies to provide easier means of investigation and surveillance. Other policies that are not so widely impacted have been passed as well. Policies such as, the National Defense Authorization Act, supplying these agencies the funding to continue. Preliminary research indicates a growing concern the government, and the agencies there of, are gaining too much power, and the aggressive use of this power is progressively eroding the individual American citizens privacy and civil liberties. How do the people know that the information gathered by various agencies is not being abused? What assurances can the government give that they wont be? The security of a nation is a major concern to all Americans, but should there be a limit to what the government can do in the name of National Security.Problems with abuse of privilege have been an theme in the past as well. During the cold war the foreign Intelligence Act was introduced and passed requiring agents to obtain a warrant from a judge before they could intercept private conversations. To gain a warrant government lawyers had to have proof that an individual was a threat. In 2008 this act was revised enabling the procedures to be overlooked. In fact, the law was bypassed by the Bush administration in 2001 after the terrorist attack on 9-11. Individuals and organizations akin are attempting to sue the government in regards to the ongoing surveillance program. The ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), stated that the, people cannot sue unless they can show their calls were monitored.) Alas, the government will not reveal whose messages were intercepted, therefore no proof (Scalliger,C. whitethorn 21, 2012). Obviously, the odds are greatly against those who oppose the current policies.Individuals have come forward to attempt to inform the public of the actions of the government but to no avail. In 2007 an ex NSA employee reported that a program, codenamed Stellar vacate was already underway. Gathering information on millions of American citizens, the NSA gained access to more than 2.8 trillion billing records of home(prenominal) and international calls. All, without a warrant. At a later date Verizon joined the program multiplying the call aim five times over. Not only is the NSA and other agencies compiling dossiers on US citizens in these monumental data bases, they also currently have the ability to eavesdrop in real-time. US citizens overseas are routinely intercepted when calling home to the states. No reason or warrant required (Hentoff, N., October 6, 2011).The reality is that idle wiretaps are only the beginning. Other forms of spying on the average citizen are already being used. The fourthly Amendment was written to protect our rights to privacy, yet our own government officials a sidestep ping these laws. Though the word privacy neer actually appears in the Constitution, it would be difficult to say the fact that something of the meaning of the word has long been accomplished in legal traditions. The American Heritage Dictionary defines the word private as secluded from sight, front man or intrusion of others, to be confined to one person personal (Mitrano, T., May 2012).A radical responsibility of the United States government is to protect the citizens and its resources against the threat of terrorism, and Americans appreciate the security they have, and at times have sacrificed liberties to protect it (Walker, B. and Rsachke, G., nd). But, in spite of the measures taken to protect its people the government is also harming their basic thoroughgoing rights that this country has always been known for. So are the citizens of the United States to give up democracy for a governmental dictatorship for the sake of this safety. Whats in store for the next generation?Re ferencesAsian Tribune Hallstavik, (June 5, 2012), US Patriot Act has denied Americans their freedom, Retrieved from, http//search.proquest.com/docview/1018399742? Doyle, C., (April 19, 2008), Patriot Act A Sketch,Retrieved from, http//www.fas.org/irp/crs/RS21203.pdf. Hamilton, A., (1775), Bill of Rights.Retrieved from, http//www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcripts.htm Hentoff, N., (December 17, 2001), Homeland Defense of the Constitution, The Washington Times, Retrieved from, http//scu.edu/ moral philosophy/publication/briefings/privacy.html Hentoff, N., (October 6, 2011), Lack of Privacy, becoming normal? The Fort Morgan Times,Retrieved from, http//search.proquest.com/docview/919661310? Mitrano, T., (December 2008), Civil Privacy and National Security command A Three- Dimensional View, Retrieved from http//www.educause.edu/ero/article/civil-privacy-and- national-security-legislation-three.htmScalliger, C. (May 21, 2012), Knowing every bit about you. The New A merican issue 28, p. 10-16, Retrieved from, http//search.proquest.com/docview/1022039930?Walker, B. & Raschke, G., (nd) Right to Privacy vs. National Security, National Security for the 21st Century, Retrieved from, http//www.library.gatech.edu/security/privacy.htm

Gloucester Character in King Lear Essay

King Lear and Gloucester be similar to an extent of being tragic heroes, be causal agent they two experience the traditional features of a classic calamity. both characters go through the features of hubris, hamartia and culminates with anagnorisis. Shakespeare employs the double plot in King Lear, the only Shakespearean tragedy to employ two similar plots which function in a parallel manner. In doing so, Shakespeare is able-bodied to attest the tragic consequences that result when the natural law is subverted. Despite both being tragic figures, the causes of their downfall are different and thus the culmination of the way both characters are considered to be tragic varies as well.Lear and Gloucester both commit blunders in the opening of the play, calling attention to their own tragic flaw, however the both the cause and impact varies. There is an indication of a power struggle as Renaissance society was decrepit and gerontocratic, meaning men did not consider retirement nor did they pass on their power when they reached old age. Lear deciding to give away his power to his daughters, under the intention of conferring them on younger strengths, while we unburthend grovel towards death, would have challenged the thinking of an Elizabethan audience who acknowledged the social construct of the Great mountain chain of Being, the existence of a natural social of all beings and animals having their own ordained position. Both figures worsen a child who truly loved them- this is their tragic flaw. Lears decision to disclaim all enate care from Cordelia, is perhaps the most impactful decision, because Lear had disacknowledged the one daughter who truly loved him.As a result, Lears subversion of power to shake all cares and business from our age is perhaps more fata as a mistake in comparison to Gloucester. For Gloucester, his mistake is may be his adultery. The way Gloucester describes his son as oft blushed to acknowledge him highlights the concern of ra ising an illegitimate child. Consequently, Edmund seeks go against the laws of primogeniture, allowing only the legitimate child to be empower to land. Gloucester is alsosuggested to have relaxed morals, justifying the birth of Edmund with his mother as a knave came something saucily to the world. Gloucesters fault is less reckless than Lears. Gloucesters fault is arguably justifiable as he was be to by his own son. However it is his reaction, denying thought and logic which warrants consequences.The impact of both characters hamartia being equally destructive. According to Aristotle, he believed horror and pity are the two emotions the audience should olfactory perception while watching a tragedy, and Shak The physical pain Gloucester endures namely, being blinded was thought to be something likewise gruesome to be displayed as a result, the scene had been omitted by some productions. Theatrical critic G.Wilson buck commented on the play being purposeless and unreasonable, Ki ng Lear is the most fearless artistic facing of crowning(prenominal) cruelty. The juxtaposition of Gloucesters cries of give me help O cruel against Gonerils brutal statements how now, you pass over highlights the ruthlessness and barbarity of Gloucesters circumstance. 19th century criticism was notable for suggesting Gloucester is punished harshly for his misjudgement of characters and leave be viewed by most audiences as a character more sinned against than sinning.However, in comparison to Lears suffering, the King may be portrayed more so as a tragic figure. Unlike Gloucester, Lear falls into a state of madness and the audience watch Lears mind dribble progressively during the play. The dismissal of Lears hundred knights by both Goneril and Regan is powerful because the knights can be considered to be a symbol of Lears importance. But being denied something which Lear wants and needs he notably comments, Mans life is cheap as beasts as aspects including clothes and property are symbols of civilisation. As a result Lear is reduced to having nothing to his name, thus being reduced as G.Wilson Knight state an elemental, instinctive life. Near the end of the play, the king is wearing a crown of thorns, characterising his downfall as a figure who was once decorated as King of England to a person who has aligned himself with nature, furthered by Frank Kernode stating, suffering can reduce humanity to a bestial condition In this way, the portraying of Lears madness may be seen as more tragic than of what Gloucester experienced.A further feature of a classic tragedy is both tragic figures achieving anagnorisis, (a critical issue ofrecognition), near the ending of the play. The moment of realization occurs when Regan reveals to Gloucester of Edmund being a treacherous villain Once being blinded, Gloucester comments, I stumbled when I motto, situational irony is deployed, epitomizing his realization of the events surrounding him, at a point where he is no lon ger able to see. Perhaps this alludes to critic Lawrence Rosingers comment of the play is about Gloucester and Lears self-discovery after a outcome of treating the others as a means of self-gratification, suggesting for Gloucester to recognise the true virtues of a human being, the process involves suffering and pain. However, for Lear to gain anagnorisis, I believe he is forced to endure suffering, for example, his daughters which serves to heighten the sympathy felt for Lear.This is exemplified peculiarly when interacting with Gloucester in Act 4, commenting they (Goneril and Regan) flattered me like a dog, the dramatic irony invoking pity because the audience is already aware of this. Once reunited with Cordelia, Lear expresses himself as being bound upon a wheel of fire, his pessimistic view, alluding to a Christian interpretation of hell. Though both characters learn through their experience, it is arguably Lears anagnoriss which allows him to be more tragic than Gloucester. His torment eventually reduces him to beggary, wanting give me that patience, patience I need, the chiasmus emphasising his desperation.

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tour elaborating the ideas provided in the chapter, the students whitethorn need to be familiarizes with a few wakeless concepts such as Gross Domestic crossroad, Employment etc. Since the students may chance on this difficult to transform, it is necessity to explain to them through examples. Several activities and exercises are suggested in the chapter to help the students understand how a persons activity could be placed -? whether in the primary, secondary or third, organized or unrealized, and public or private firmament.You may encourage the students to talk to various working people around them (such as hop owners, casual workers, veggie vendors, workshop mechanics, domestic workers etc. ) to know more about how they live and work. Based on such information, the students can be encouraged to develop their own classification of economic activities. Another important put out to be highlighted is about the problems caused by the changes in the roles of sectors. The cha pter has taken the example of unemployment and what the government can do to sort out it.The declining importance 18 of agriculture and growing importance of industry and services should be related to the cognise of the children by taking ore examples that they may observe in their day-to-day life. Information derived from the media could be used for this purpose. You may encourage the students to bring important cuttings and stories from newspapers, which could be prominently displayed in storyboards, and encourage the class to discuss these issues. While discussing the unrealized sector, the key issue of protecting the workers engaged in the sector should be highlighted.You may as well encourage the students to visit persons and enterprises in the unrealized sector and get a first hand experience from real life situation. Sources for Information The GAP data used in this chapter pertaining to Gross Domestic Product at Factor Cost by Industry of Origin at 1993-94 prices is tak en from Economic Survey. It is a valuable source of GAP and other information relating to the Indian economy. For evaluation purposes, particularly to develop the analytical ability of learners, teachers can refer to Economic Survey to get data for different years.You will find that people are engaged in various economic activities. Some of these are activities producing goods. Some others are producing services. These activities are happening around us every minute even as we speak. How do we understand these activities? One way of doing this is to group them (classify them) using few important criterion. These groups are as well called sectors. There could be several ways of classification depending on the purpose and what one thinks is an important criterion. At different We set about by looking ties. Mind of economic active Primary (Agriculture) Sector produces instinctive goods Secondary (Industrial) fabricate 20 There are many activities that are undertaken by directly us ing natural resources. Take, for example, the shade of cotton plant. It takes place within a crop season. For the growth of the cotton plant, we depend mainly, but not entirely, n natural factors alike(p) rainfall, sunshine and climate. The product of this activity, cotton, is a natural product. Similarly, in the case of an activity like dairy, we are dependent on the biological process of the animals and availability Tertiary (Service) of fodder etc.The product here, milk, withal is a natural product. Similarly, minerals and ores are also natural products. When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector. Why primary? This is because it forms the base for all other products that we subsequently desex. Since most of the natural helps develop products we get are from there sectors agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry, this sector is also called agriculture and related sector. The secondary sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity.It is the next timbre after primary. The product is not produced by nature but has to be made and therefore some process of manufacturing is essential. This could be in a factory, a workshop or at home. For example, using cotton fiber from the plant, we spin yarn and weave cloth. Using sugarcane as a raw material, we make sugar or guru. We convert earth into bricks and use bricks to make houses and buildings. Since this sector gradually became associated with the different kinds of industries that came up, it is also called as industrial sector.After primary and secondary, there is a third category of activities that falls under ordinal sector and is different from the above two. These are activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. These activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process. For example, goods that are produced in the primary or secondary sector would need to be transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale and retail shops.At times, it may be required to store these in godsons. We also may need to talk to others over telephone or delight letters (communication) or borrow money from banks (banking) to help production and trade. Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities. Since these activities generate services rather than goods, the tertiary sector is also called the service sector. Service sector also includes some essential services that may not directly help in the production of goods.

Foundations of Mythology

What ar the consequences of behaving ND not behaving in such ways? (Purpose and Definitions) The treatment myth means to me that there are things that are not true without proof. In the academic circle the word is use to explain things that is true or false to us all. There are so umteen mythical stories all across different cultures such as Lets look at all the heroes that are being portrayed on screen like Spider-man who got bitten by an radioactive spider who gave him the powers of speed, strength and powers of a spider. Wonder woman knows as Princess Diana of the immortal amazons from Greek mythology . Ho has superhero rowers, the lasso of truth along with her alike the lasso of truth.. Tarzan the son of an English nobleman raised by apes in the African jungle. Like the heroes of antiquated myths, modern superheroes have extraordinary powers. The most famous superhero is Superman, created by American cartoonist Jerry Siegel and Joseph Shutter in 1938. In comics and on radio , television, and movie screens, he fights for truth, justice, and the American way, using his powers of flight and incredible strength, powers he possesses because he is from some other planet.Like most modern superheroes, Superman keeps his identity a secret and pretends to be an ordinary man. Such myths put forward that anyone can have unsuspected potential for heroism. Drachma Abram Stokers the legends of Oval the impulses in human behavior may have contributed to an associated of Drachma with vampires, corpses that rise from the grave during the night to drink the blood Of mythology) All of these stories were made up by people with wild Imagination, which in fact a lot of us believe in.Knowledge is randomness that has truth, facts, stories that it contains. Belief has information that does not have proof or evidence to back it up. Myth is an pretended story about a fictional hero or an event. Religion is a social establishment consisting of a number of beliefs and pract ices concerning the cause, nature and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman authorisation of agencies, usually involving myths. Bob Beechen Mythology and religion have a personal connection with each other and each of us as humans.

Faculty Evaluation System

A proposed Faculty Performance Evaluation System for university of the Visayas-Dalaguete Problem tale The Faculty Performance Evaluation System will seek to answer what enhancement and design the initiate can adopt for a more telling and efficient automate System. Our project will show the benefits and help the school to collect the feedback from the assimilators and provide security and privacy respectively. Specifically, it endeavors to answer the following questions 1 .Why is thither a need to replace the manual system with an automated adept? . What will be the benefits of having the automated faculty performance evaluation system In the university of the Visayas Dalaguete? 3. How can automated faculty performance evaluation system help the school? 4. How can we provide security to our system? ED What argon the setoff steps that SIG schools and districts should take when re- thinking their teacher evaluation systems? CD First, in that location needs to be an intensifi ed dialogue with faculty members about what constitutes reasoned commandment.They need to develop a shargond understanding of what is good practice. They can do a book study hat defines good teaching in a coherent way, what it looks like, and what counts as evidence of good teaching. Ive mildewed on a framework for effective teaching. The big supposition that underlines this framework is that students learn from high levels of student intellectual engagement. Theres a ton of research on that, scarce its hard to do because In general, students arent taught that way. The challenge Is to name people to understand how to engage students in learning.Second, there needs to be an effort to create a culture in the school around proceed learning and professional inquiry. Youre not done learning when you start teaching. Teaching is enormously complex work that people work to master over their entire careers. No one should act like its well-situated because Its not. Then, teachers can m ove to on the ground work with students. They can analyze student work for levels of student engagement. If they select money to spend, they can get equipment to videotape themselves teaching to use for self- reflection. tx a powerful technology because teachers can watch their own lesson, observe other teachers, share their practice, and engage in dialogue. ED ar there t Of2 speclTlc cnallenges In Implementing a tnougntTul evaluatlon system In low- erforming schools? CD Not really. Its the said(prenominal) challenge, on the dot harder. One of the problems in low-performing schools is that teacher turnaround is higher, which means they could have more novice teachers. Beginning teachers, because they are inexperienced, need more intensive supervision and coaching than do their more experienced colleagues.Its essential that twain the teacher and the district ascertain whether they are a good match. On the flip side, of course, new teachers ofttimes come with a lot of energy and enthusiasm for the work, and that can make a real share to a school. But the higher level of supervision by a principal takes time, and thats one of the issues with either evaluation system finding the time to do it well. I dont think its helpful or harmful. Its fair(a) the nature of it. Theres also the school culture element.Lets say youre my principal and a typical observation is one where you come in, observe my lesson, write it down, and tell me what I did wrong or right. l, as a teacher, have done nothing. If the school culture is one of inspection, then all I would want to do is to get through the evaluation. Im not going to try anything interesting in my class while youre there. That typical cover of where my role as a teacher is passive. Theres no learning for me as a teacher. Creating a distinct type of culture is a leadership challenge.For the new teachers not to be performing at the same level as experienced teachers thats natural. The culture should be one where professional growth and learning are understood to be part of everyones Job forever, and learning is not a sign of deficiency. To have an effective teacher evaluation system, you need good, trained evaluators and more time from teachers and administrators to discuss performance and improve teaching and learning. ED What about the problem of imagings, especially in times of budget cuts?How do schools and districts keep their allegiance to this type of a teacher evaluation system? CD I dont think its a resource problem. Its a prioritization problem and also a training issue for evaluators. When a teacher or Federal activist says that principals dont know what they are doing when theyre evaluating teachers, they are usually right One of the things Im working on is an real evaluator certification program. The need for credentialing evaluators has been written into state law in a few places including Illinois and new(a) York.