Importance of Manners in Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Pride Prejudice

Significance of Manners in Pride and Prejudice Habits have made due all through the many spending long periods of history and culture to impact the manners in which people interface even today in the manner in which we identify with each other: what is satisfactory and inadmissible social conduct. Legitimate habits in everything from discussion to eating have for quite some time been recognizing sign of societal position. Indeed, even now they are frequently significant in business and social circumstances. However, in the eighteenth century, habits were vital. Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, set toward the finish of the eighteenth century, investigates the numerous funny unconventionalities in a universe of decorum and legitimate lead. At the point when love, pride, awkwardness and straightforwardness are completely gone through the test of endurance of sensitive habits, a capricious kind of parody is accomplished. The setting of appropriateness makes the cleverness incongruity that breathes life into this book. An ideal case of the incongruity in Pride and Prejudice is found in the relationship of Mr. what's more, Mrs. Bennet. While Mrs. Bennet is continually showy and exaggerated, Mr. Bennet is exceptionally peaceful and saved. Mr. Bennet is continually playing with his better half's propensities to embellishment. At the point when Elizabeth Bennet won't wed the dumb and ugly Mr. Collins, her mom is miserable. She blasts into a fit and discloses to Elizabeth that on the off chance that she doesn't wed Mr. Collins, at that point she will repudiate her as a girl. Mr. Bennet now steps in and gives the unexpected alleviation: A despondent option is before you, Elizabeth. From this day you should be an alien to one of your folks. - Your mom will never observe you again on the off chance that you don't wed Mr. Collins, and I will never observe you again on the off chance that you do. (p... ...he incongruity. From the blundering Mr. Collins, who implies short of what he says, to the amusing repels of Ms. Elizabeth Bennet, Pride and Prejudice is surely a satire of habits. Each character, in their own particular manner is either outside the customary limits of respectability, or bound inside them so cumbersomely that even earnestness frequently appears to be amusing. In every circumstance appeared, the characters started in a setting of habits that set stage for the enlightening incongruity each character here and there presents. As appeared through the circumstances and characters in the novel, Pride and Prejudice is a book enlivened by the setting of respectability. Inside this setting are made the numerous unexpected inconsistencies and affectations uncovered by its different beautiful characters. Work Cited: Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Airmont Books, 1992.

The Microsoft Case Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Microsoft Case - Article Example Microsoft is attempting to turn into notably better than the other. Its capacity to make different scopes of item contributions reinforces its capability to cover the world market. For a long time, Microsoft is supposed to be notable for its enemy of serious and savage practices. This is the motivation behind why it has surprisingly examined for antitrust conduct. Microsoft protected that it has certainly done what different contenders would do in its place. Each key player is attempting to be notably better than the other and needing to assume responsibility for the market. The reality is cash. This is the manner by which Microsoft and its rivals are inspired to remain in the opposition and even need to be on the rest. Picking up monopoly.I actually concur that Microsoft is attempting to pick up imposing business model in the PC programming industry on account of the momentous market territory it needs to cover. It is in this explanation that defective rivalry is well on the way to exist. The other confirmation is the progressing examination it needs to look because of its supposed antitrust conduct. One explicit case is the Microsoft’s capacity to offer items or administrations at surprisingly lower value contrasted with its rivals. Thus, more customers would attempt its administration or item contributions. This can be outlined by the interest bend. Descending inclining request bend just expresses the idea of human conduct and which basically grandstands the rule that as the value diminishes, the purchasers are accepted to purchase or gain more. Microsoft simultaneously holds the economies of scale which is one of its most extreme upper hands. In the economies of scale more creation would mean lower cost per unit of delivered item. The minor expense and negligible income are amplified for the benefit of the firm. Along these lines, this implies productivity of creation and sooner or later Microsoft might have the option to seek after or amplify its pa ckaging procedure for its greatest bit of leeway. Thus and under imposing business model evaluating, costs are constrained by the firm and the customers have no solid market power. The individuals are not the value creator for this situation, yet the firm. Be that as it may, Microsoft can barely acquire unadulterated monopolistic force for whatever length of time that there is a proceeding with nearness of the Silicon Valley goliaths, for example, Sun Microsystems, Intel, Apple Compute and others. In a perfect world, in a restraining infrastructure advertise structure, there is just a solitary dealer; there is nearness of extraordinary item; and unthinkable section into the market (Tucker, 2010). In this way, an unadulterated monopoly’s attributes incorporate single vender, no nearby substitutes, value producer and there are boundaries to passage and exit (Vallabhaneni, 2009). Notwithstanding, what is available today is indicating us the way that Microsoft can har

Tourism Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The travel industry Operations Management - Assignment Example Improvement in ecological arranging and the board in the goal including arrangement of natural control measures and administrations, for example, checking and 'improving air and water quality, litter freedom, arrangement of waste reusing plans, and so on.'; The travel industry is a key industry for UK with a yearly turnover representing over 4% of GDP and with over 7% of the working populace working in the area. According to Department for Culture, Media and Sport (2004), UK is one among the main ten world the travel industry workers. Over 86% of England's travel industry salary originates from residential guests and the parts that have added to the engaging quality of England for household vacationers, and of Britain for abroad guests incorporate, transport, displays, historical centers, theaters, legacy locales out in the open and private proprietorship, gathering and show scenes, shops, bars, clubs and eateries. Situating of UK as a significant goals lays on meeting and surpassing clients desires. The need zones distinguished by the Government are advertising and e-the travel industry, item quality, workforce abilities, information and backing of the case for supporting the travel industry. Buckingham Palace, the official London home of Britain's sovereigns since 1837, is a prime vacation spot. Albeit a significant number of the official occasions and gatherings are held by The Queen, regions of Buckingham Palace are available to guests all the time. ... Continuing the travel industry undertakings; Organizing markets that reinforce financial returns; Advancing the utilization of nearby items and mix with different divisions; Spreading the travel industry advantages and openings all through the networks and Fortifying correspondence with guests and neighborhood inhabitants. The report refers to the instance of Buckingham Palace, endeavors set up and those ideal to improve the nature of the travel industry. The travel industry in UK The travel industry is a key industry for UK with a yearly turnover representing over 4% of GDP and with over 7% of the working populace working in the area. According to Department for Culture, Media and Sport (2004), UK is one among the main ten world the travel industry workers. Over 86% of England's travel industry salary originates from household guests and the segments that have added to the engaging quality of England for residential voyagers, and of Britain for abroad guests incorporate, transport, displays, historical centers, theaters, legacy destinations out in the open and private proprietorship, meeting and show scenes, shops, bars, clubs and eateries. Situating of UK as a significant goals lays on meeting and surpassing clients desires. The need zones recognized by the Government are promoting and e-the travel industry, item quality, workforce aptitudes, information and backing of the case for supporting the travel industry. Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace, the official London living arrangement of Britain's sovereigns since 1837, is a prime vacation destination. Albeit a large number of the official occasions and gatherings are held by The Queen, regions of Buckingham Palace are available to guests all the time. These incorporate the State Rooms, open during the Annual Summer Opening in August and September, which during the 58 days of activity from 31 July to 26

Israeli Zionism vs Palestinian National Movement Essay

Israeli Zionism versus Palestinian National Movement - Essay Example How is the current day circumstance identified with this snippet of data is an inquiry numerous pundits endeavor to address with extraordinary trouble in light of the fact that the issue has arrived at intricacy. After the war of 1948, Israelis dwarfed the Palestinians in Jerusalem and from here the Zionists’ interruption into Palestinian legislative issues began occurring. Zionism itself is a reason for which the Israelis are happy to battle for the remainder of their lives (McDowall 1989, p. 146). It has been a long while however the contention has still not finished. There could be just one motivation behind why this is the situation. Either the Israeli Zionism hasâ incrementally taken a fanatic course, or is it in light of the fact that the Palestinian patriot development has end up being insufficient. After the outcast Israelis settled in Babylon and Egypt; places which were rich assets and given a superior living to them when contrasted with the constrained assets that they had in Palestine. They were anyway presented to the symbol revering countries which conflicted with their strict precepts and it helped them to remember the opportunity to rehearse their religion back in the pre-oust period. They endeavored to come back to their properties just to get antagonistic vibe from the Arab world chiefly the Muslims and Christians who knew that Israel could no longer have a land. The idea of a country has become a fantasy for the fresh debuts in Palestine and thoroughly relies on who is speaking to the picture of the land to the people to come. The Jews have taken over numerous grounds and need the remainder of the Palestinian populace to move out of the land to look for circumstances somewhere else in light of the fact that they can't and don't need any non-Israeli to work under them. Henceforth, expelling the Arabs from their territories which they have possessed since the time the Israelis were banished has not been a simple activity for the Zionist s. Compromise has been endeavored since the time the Israeli-Palestinian clash ejected in the late nineteenth century (Pappe 2005, p. 224). With regards to the conceptualization of things to come arrangement of the contention between the two countries, there is consistently one side of the story described, subject to the British, American, Israeli and UN suppositions. Less is caught wind of the Palestinians who are the inferior. Prior to 1930, the British made an endeavor to make a little network for Jewish individuals in the place that is known for Palestine with the expectation of setting up a â€Å"joint homeland†. Shockingly, this proposition moved to parcel of the two networks in the mid-1920s. Thus, it was the point at which the Palestinian administration consented to consider the joint federative structure in 1928 that the genuine clash started. This offer was denied by the Zionist head in the principal endeavor yet thoughtfully acknowledged in 1947 with the goal of se tting up itself close to an Arab state. The explanation that constrained the Zionists to interest for a parcel was the dismissal from the Arabs and the refusal from the Palestinian power (Pappe 2005, p. 225). After the war of 1948 ejected, another arbiter was delegated by the United Nations to propose an answer for end the contention. Tally Folke Bernadotte proposed that there ought to be a parcel of the land into two states and Arab Palestine ought to be attached to Transjordan. This appeared to propose a free Arab state with Jerusalem as the

Globalization to Beat Inequality Essays

Globalization to Beat Inequality Essays Globalization to Beat Inequality Essay Globalization to Beat Inequality Essay Undoubtedly. globalization is the most well known inclination in worldwide financial sciences. Expanding coordinating of universe markets and trades of data and designing are determinedly expected to help the least created states. accordingly crossing over the spread between the rich people and the poor people. Along these lines. the theory of Bhagwati’s ( 2004 ) book. In Defense of Globalization †that. actually. globalization helps the least fortunate individuals of the universe †must be concurred with. All things considered. remote direct investings are a remarkable support for the monetary frameworks of the immature universe. Besides. by bringing in and sending out a bigger number of products and enterprises than prior. an immature state may great increment its salary what's more better the basis of life of its people groups. It is all around accepted that an expansion in global exchange is joined by an expansion in pay imbalance. seeing that the heft of the individuals in creating states are hapless and can non stand to purchase similarly costly remote merchandise in the nearby market. nor structure mammoth undertakings to offer to the outside open. Moreover. globalization includes the danger of outside organizations exploiting the lacking regulative developments in creating states. As a delineation. a remote H2O organization in Argentina. after the mass denationalization of Argentine concern. was said to hold been extremely moral before it entered Argentina. The organization had associations with France and the United States. No different. the organization went to hapless assistance in Argentina not long after denationalization. The H2O organization was at last taken over by the Argentine experts for its reckless. unreliable conduct ( Hacher 2007 ) . : Whenever oversaw right. however. globalization is required to help our universe in significant manners. The commended perception of Friedman ( 2000 ) should other than be considered in this investigation: No two states with McDonald’s have battled a war against one another since each got its McDonald’s. In fact. harmony is adding to planetary financial developing. In any case. so is fairness. Despite the fact that the spread between the rich people and the poor people has been broadening in late mature ages. great course of globalization may work admirations for the planetary monetary framework. The World Trade Organization fights globalization for the benefit of the hapless states. As an outcome of globalization. the creating states †only on the grounds that they are making worry with the more extravagant 1s †are solicited to acknowledge the rules from ecological and work insurance that simply the rich states can manage the cost of now in cut. Sing that one of the concomitants to globalization is increasing speed. the World Trade Organization needs to push that creating states must be given more clasp to set to change. The way that these states require more clasp to set to adjust is shown by the experience of India as to kid work statute. In purpose of certainty. kid work law in India took a long clasp to be created. The statute was executed at arranged degrees over the class of numerous mature ages. the ground being that India expected children to work in its plants in view of the Indian economy’s reliance on reasonable work. Other than. the guardians of Indian children who worked could non bear to back up their children that accomplished non work ( Pandey 2006 ) . The contention over rural exchange is by and large the vast majority of import issue for the World Trade Organization to cover with. Piting rich states against the hapless. the contention stresses that the world’s least fortunate states have scarcely any fares to offer other than essential horticultural stocks. Given that worldwide exchange is a need in today’s internationalized universe. creating states must strive against the massive states. for example, the United States and Japan. Created countries bolster husbandmans with sponsorships. On the off chance that they do non back up their ain husbandmans. the last would go out of concern. This guide †adding up to around 300 billion dollars each twelvemonth †builds the gracefully of essential rural stocks on the universe advertise. As the money related estimation of rural green products is brought down. it is the hapless states that are harmed. At the end of the day. the mean dairy animals in the European Union gets an everyday endowment of in excess of two U. S. dollars. furthermore, this figure is more prominent than the everyday compensation of 20 for each centum of the world’s populace ( Kaplan A ; Calzonetti 2005 ) . Albeit Blinder ( 2006 ) is all in all correct to territory that the created universe would hold to cover with colossal change if seaward redistributing is very advanced in the coming mature ages. it is non the rich universe that requires help now in any example. Moreover. by to a great extent sing the changes that the rich universe would hold to see. there is no way that monetary specialists would have the option to change over the created states to effectually work with the creating states. In this manner. it is key to advance seaward redistributing by portraying the advantages that both the created and the immature universe would accumulate by organizations of it. All things considered. the created universe is in a top of the line spot to permit more occupations to individuals in the immature universe. It would definitely be a success win situation. Moreover. it would help to connect the extending spread between the rich people and the poor people. along these lines guaranting economical advancement too much. REFERENCES Bhagwati. JN 2004. In Defense of Globalization. Oxford University Press. New York. Blinder. AS 2006. Offshoring: The Following Industrial Revolution? . ’ Foreign Affairs. Blemish/Apr 2006. accessible at hypertext move convention:/www. foreignaffairs. organization/20060301faessay85209-p0/alan-s-blinder/offshoring-the-following modern unrest. hypertext markup language. Friedman. Thallium 2000. The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization. Grapple Books. New York. Hacher. S 2007. Argentina Water Privatization Scheme Runs Dry. ’ Global Policy Forum. 26 Feb 2007. accessible at hypertext move convention:/globalpolicy. igc. organization/socecon/bwi=wto/wbank/2004/0226argwater. htm. Kaplan. E. A ; Calzonetti. C 2005. The WTO’s Troubled Doha Negotiations. ’ Council on Foreign Relations. 9 Dec 2005. accessible at hypertext move convention:/www. cfr. organization/file. hypertext markup language. Pandey. G 2006. India Tightens Child Labor Laws. ’ BBC News. 10 Oct 2006. accessible at hypertext move convention:/news. bbc. co. uk/2/hello/default. transient memory.

Role of carbon credits and carbon footprints in the Middle East

Job of carbon credits and carbon impressions in the Middle East Presentation Numerous associations over the world have improved endeavors equipped towards guaranteeing social obligation and business morals are followed when undertaking authoritative exercises. Purchasers are currently mindful of the moral and social duty which business associations have towards society. Because of the impacts of ecological pulverization, customers are slanted to connect themselves with firms which fabricate items while following natural preservation measures. As of late, unfriendly impacts of ecological annihilation, for example, environmental change and an unnatural weather change has expanded interest for green items or firms which watch natural guidelines. In the Middle East and particularly the UAE, there is an interest for items which moderate vitality and which are reusable or can be reused (Anderson et. al., 2006). This clarifies the expanded interest in the UAE for items, for example, cross breed vehicles, green structure materials, recyclable sacks and others. Carbon impressions and credits are two regular types of estimating the effects which associations have on the earth. Carbon impressions are outflows of ozone harming substances which are credited to an item or an association (Wiedmann Minx, 2008). These gases are discharged because of utilization of fuel and fuel items, materials, made products and fuel sources, for example, coal and wood. Carbon credit then again speaks to grants or endorsements by business associations permitting them to discharge carbon dioxide or carbon proportional to one ton. It is a type of relieving carbon emanations by global and national markets. As of now, Qatar and the UAE actualize the carbon credits as a type of decreasing carbon outflows. This paper will examine carbon impressions and emanations to the extent the social duty and moral job of business is concerned. The paper will likewise talk about how carbon impressions and credits work so as to comprehend their advantages. Their pertinence to business making arrangements for manageability and condition in the Middle East will likewise be broke down. The paper will limit research to the UAE and different nations in the Middle East. The examined issues will be summed up toward the finish of the paper. Carbon impressions Carbon impressions have been characterized as discharges of ozone harming substances which are credited to an item or an association (Wiedmann Minx, 2008). Ozone harming substances emerge from utilization of fuel and fuel items, materials, produced products and fuel sources, for example, coal and wood. The term started from natural impressions in ecological examinations. So as to gauge the carbon impressions of associations, an appraisal on emanations known as the GHG is embraced. This estimation decides the degrees of carbon transmitted by organizations in an area. When this data is known, it is conceivable to build up a methodology planned for relieving carbon impression levels (Wiedmann Minx, 2008). Such techniques incorporate utilization of elective vitality sources, for example, wind and sun powered or execution of systems to moderate the earth, for example, planting trees. In the Middle East economies, there are sure factors which influence the degrees of carbon impressions. These incorporate financial yield, populace, carbon force and vitality in the economy (Beaumont et. al., 2008). Organizations and areas which target decreasing carbon impressions focus on these components. For the most part, so as to viably diminish carbon impressions, nations and organizations ought to either endeavor to decrease dependence on carbon energizes or lessen vitality levels utilized underway. Carbon credits Carbon credits have been characterized as grants or declarations by business associations permitting them to transmit carbon dioxide or carbon proportional to one ton (Wiedmann Minx, 2008). It has been perceived that carbon outflows are probably the most destructive gases to the earth and carbon credits target relieving their discharge into the environment. Carbon exchanging is type of exchanging outflows. So as to execute carbon credits, carbon levels in the climate are estimated and topped to decide the most manageable levels which will prompt insignificant harm to the earth. After this is played out, the topped levels are assigned to managed sources in the different markets. The significant goal of carbon credits is to urge markets to transmit less carbon discharges when undertaking business and mechanical procedures. Since the carbon credits are sold, the income created can likewise be utilized to subsidize natural preservation endeavors, including carbon outflow decrease detached pieces of the world. There are numerous organizations which have represented considerable authority in selling carbon credits. These credits are offered to organizations willfully and these organizations endeavor to diminish carbon emanations in their exercises. Interest for carbon credits in the Middle East has started to rise and there is an expansion in firms selling carbon credits to organizations. This has considered positive to be the extent that decrease of carbon discharges is included. Further examination of the impacts of carbon credits and carbon impressions in the Middle East will be talked about in the accompanying segment of the paper. Kyoto convention and the Middle East The Kyoto convention is an understanding among certain nations which are individuals from the UN to take measures to moderate the unfavorable impacts of environmental change. The significant objective of this structure is to balance out ozone depleting substances and lessen their consequences for nature. There are more than 190 states which have endorsed and marked the convention including Middle East nations, for example, Yemen, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait and others (Daya Carr, 2010). Different nations have attempted to diminish these outflows by over 5% as at the levels present in 1990. Center East nations, for example, UEA, Saudi Arabia and Qatar are a portion of these nations. A few activities are taken to accomplish the targets of environmental change by part nations and these incorporate clean improvement system and emanations exchanging. Every one of the Middle East nations which endorsed the Kyoto Protocol has some appointed units of carbon discharges which are entered in singular nation vaults (Daya Carr, 2010). In accordance with the convention, these nations including Qatar and the UAE have doled out the permitted outflows to organizations and associations and put amounts on the discharges which every business should discharge into the air. This is attempted through the offer of carbon credits where organizations in these Middle East nations are permitted one ton of carbon emanation. Organizations which have not depleted their quantities close to the finish of their monetary year may offer their residual standards to those which are going to debilitate their cutoff points so as to guarantee that all organizations watch as far as possible in discharges. Organizations which have depleted their amounts are additionally permitted buy additional portions in open markets or private ventures. In spite of the fact that there is an expanded interest for vitality from buyers, business associations and nations, for example, Qatar and UAE which have confirmed the Kyoto Protocol, need to guarantee that the carbon outflows don't surpass as far as possible. Entrepreneurs are consequently compelled to put resources into elective vitality sources so as to fulfill the need for constraining emanations. Others lean toward buying present day hardware which has lower emanation rates. This will guarantee that unfriendly impacts of environmental change are moderated in the Middle East as well as over the world. Adaptable components The difficulties of keeping up the concurred carbon emanations by nations which have endorsed the Kyoto Protocol have been perceived by part nations. There are sure nations or organizations which might be not able to hold as far as possible and accomplish their development and improvement targets and objectives. There are additionally nations and organizations which use assets which have elevated level of carbon outflows and which make it hard to stay inside the passable levels. For example, Saudi Arabia is an oil delivering nation which discharges significant levels of carbon emanations when handling oil. Because of these difficulties, the Kyoto Protocol individuals have presented certain adaptable components which may enable these nations to manage the difficulties. These are tradable credits which might be exchanged inside nations or areas. There are three manners by which such nations may exchange their carbon credits territorially (Daya Carr, 2010). The first is the joint usage methodology where nations which are going to embrace ventures which would prompt significant level of carbon outflows are permitted to attempt these tasks in different nations. Such an understanding permits nations with higher outflow to move these discharges to nations with lower emanation for a thought. The two nations would commonly profit and the worldwide ecological protection endeavors are accomplished. Barely any nations in the Middle East have exploited this methodology. The subsequent procedure is the perfect advancement component. Under this technique, created nations are permitted to finance carbon emanation decrease endeavors in creating nations at lower costs. Nations, for example, Saudi Arabia may utilize this procedure to finance creating nations, for example, African nations in carbon decrease endeavors. This would cost lower sums contrasted with the expense of such a technique in created nations. Be that as it may, the advantages of ecolo gical protection in such cases would not exclusively be delighted in by the creating nations however by the world on the loose. The created nations would profit by expanded attributes because of accomplishment of its outflow decrease activities while created nations would profit by clean innovation and capital speculation. The UAE presently is creating plans to execute this system in creating nations. At long last, the third methodology planned for meeting the challeng

Power of Transaction Cost Economics - 3575 Words

Power of Transaction Cost Economics on Outsourcing Decisions (Research Paper Sample) Content: The Power of Transaction Cost Economics on Outsourcing Decisions Name:Course:University:Date of Submission:The Power of Transaction Cost Economics on Outsourcing DecisionsIntroductionThe increasing pressure on industries by forces of globalization and competition explain the growing role of transaction cost economics (TCE) in outsourcing decisions. The idea of transaction costs has gained much popularity over time as industry players seek to; identify and uphold dependable business partners, establish contracts and gain control over the business process. Transaction costs are a crucial part of every business and together with transport costs, they account for the largest part of the cost of a given contract. Currently, there is much research interest in the field of business outsourcing as firms seek to enhance their competitiveness and capacity through outsourcing. Research focus on various theoretical underpinnings that explain the issues surrounding outsourcing de cisions has intensified. Such research is inspired by the intention to move from the largely descriptive nature of some published literature that only describe best practices for managers to conduct outsourcing operations (Vasiliauskiene Snieska, 2009). Further, this literature lacks support from rigorous theoretical frameworks. On the same note, existing literature seems to lack in terms of coverage and only tends to focus on certain parts of the logistic chain. Outsourcing decisions are critical because the manner in which a firm makes them defines its boundaries. In this view, this research paper seeks to analyze the power of transaction economics in decision making for logistic outsourcing.Transaction Cost Theory The works of Coase (1937) are credited for the development of transaction costs theory. However, Williamson is credited for the development of the theory in his works, between 1975 and 1985 (Lynch, 2001). Hence, the development of the theory is attributed to a series of developments that occurred in the field of economics between 1930 and 1970. TCE has since become a central reference point for the study of organization. According to Vera and Yvette (2006), TCE has contributed immensely to the understanding of outsourcing decisions. From the transaction cost theory perspective, outsourcing decisions are mostly based on a firms ability to employ economies of scale to practice outsourcing (Mukherji Ramachandran, 2007). Transaction costs theory provides an avenue through which the effect of transaction costs on the performance of economics can be assessed. The theory has contributed significantly to the understanding of the manner in which the relationships between buyer and suppliers are managed (Ambrose, Marshall Lynch, 2010; Tadelis, 2002). The theory had not been exhaustively exploited until the last decade when business authors began paying keen attention to the field of business outsourcing. This development was also inspired by the growth of business outsourcing practices as the world was becoming more and more globalised. TCE offers a reliable scientific perspective on an organisations outsourcing decisions. The major issue is minimization of both production and transaction costs. It is important to note that a variety of theoretical backgrounds have been developed to explain outsourcing decisions. These theories include co-ordination theory, core competency theory, unit of competitive advantage, power, agency theory, resource-dependence theory, game theory, resource-based theory and transaction cost theory (Ambrose, Marshall Lynch, 2010). However, it is the transaction cost theory that has gained much popularity over time and in the current dispensation whenever businesses are seeking to redesign to match up to the trends in the world and to remain both profitable and relevant to their clientele. Transaction cost theory contributes to the understanding of governance decisions within a firm and the efficient bound aries of an organisation. The concepts of opportunism and asset specificity are the major factors that influence governance decisions in the context of bounded rationality (McKinsey Global Institute, 2003). Williamson (cited in Wang, 2002) notes that transactions form the basis of organizational analysis in which a contract for the transfer of goods or services among parties is involved. This suggests why the theory has become common place in outsourcing decisions. Transaction Costs With increasing challenges and opportunities in business, it has become vital for firms seeking to engage in various transactions to focus on the development of relationships in which ongoing interaction is essential throughout the transaction. The idea of transactions as manifested in the transaction costs theory is that other than the basic market exchange of commodities and services, the continuity of the exchange relationship is vital (Geyskens, Steenkamp Kumar, 2006; Weidenbaum, 2005). Other resear chers support this argument with views that the ultimate unit of activity which refers to a transaction, has to have three principles including mutuality, conflict and order (Lynch, 2001). This is the fundamental challenge of economic organisation. The main ideology behind transactions is governance and it follows the most cost effective approach in which order can be realized, conflicts mitigated, and mutual gains realized. Transaction cost thus becomes the basic unit in the analysis of firm governance. They also are important avenues for the understanding of collaborative buyer-supplier relations which are key sources of competitive advantage for organizations today (Mankiw Swagel, 2005).Transaction costs can be characterized into three major categories as described (Craig Willmott, 2005). One, bargaining costs which are costs arising due to negotiation and the establishment of a contract with focus on every possible future transaction situation. Two, information costs, these ar e associated with the process of finding information about potential partners. Three, enforcement costs, these encompass costs that are associated with the process of implementing partnerships and exercising control over performance, conflict resolution and renegotiation of contracts. The extent of transaction costs therefore becomes an indicator of a firms decision to outsource (Vasiliauskiene Snieska, 2009). That is, if transaction costs are low, a firm ought to outsource the activity or product but embark on in-house provision of the activity if outsourcing is expensive. Characteristics of Transactions Costs Williamson (2005), who is credited for development of TCE, holds the view that markets and firms exist as complements. This implies that a choice among firms and markets is solely influenced by the efficiency shown by each. This degree of efficiency however is based on the costs associated with coordination within an organisation as well as transaction costs. According to Williamson (cited in Wang, 2002), there exists five principal issues that affect transaction costs as illustrated in figure 1 below.
Figure 1: a representation of the five principal factors affecting transaction costs Human Factors Affecting Transaction CostsIn view of human factors, bounded rationality implies that humans lack the ability to predict all possible future contingencies including the results of an occurrence in advance (Varadarajan, 2009; Drezner, 2004). However, irrespective of them having knowledge of computational limitations, humans tend to act in rational ways as possible. Another aspect, opportunism is a crucial human aspect that helps understand the power of transaction cost theory in outsourcing decisions. In relation to economic theory, opportunism is associated with the marginal utility curve indicating the actions that make an individual feel better off (Whinston, 2000). This is based on the assumption that the behavior exhibited by people can be demon strated on a utility curve. As such, self-interested actions dominate and therefore people tend to act opportunistically (Lynch, 2001). Environmental Characteristics Affecting Transaction CostsThese constitute asset specificity and information asymmetry. Most transactions are characterized by a great level of complexity and/or involve uncertainty regarding certain factors hence difficult to comprehend in a contract. Further, some transactions in the market are characterized by few buyers and/or suppliers; such market lacks perfect competition. This is referred to as asset specificity and it influences the transaction cost negatively given that their value is based on a given transaction to its completion (Ambrose, Marshall Lynch, 2010). The second environmental factor encompasses both uncertainty and opportunism. This characteristic is information asymmetry. Transaction costs are usually influenced by these five factors if human characteristics remain unchanged across various tran saction types. In view of these five factors, it should be noted that in a situation where there is complexity, information asymmetry and a level of uncertainty, firms resolve to in-sourcing (McIvor, 2008). Outsourcing The term was introduced in the 1980s in which it referred to the process of information systems contracting (Masten, Stephane, 2000). However, various terminologies and phrases have since emerged and all address this aspect. Such include integration vs. disintegration and make-or-buy decisions(David Han, 2004). The concept of outsourcing has been applied to fields other than information systems. However, one thing is crucial; that in outsourcing, it ought to be feasible for the specific business function to be contracted to an external provider. According to Varadarajan (2009), outsour...

Essay Samples - How to Choose the Right One

Essay Samples - How to Choose the Right OneIn the world of essay writing, there are many important factors to consider in the selection of essay samples. In addition to being significant in determining the quality of the essay sample, it is also important to look at how easy they are to use. Following are some things you should consider when making a decision.The first thing to consider is whether the essay samples come with a personal touch. It is important that the essay samples you choose to use do not look or feel like they are part of your work. If the essay samples you pick to have a professional-looking appearance, it may make it seem as if they were written by someone who are interested in gaining professional credibility, rather than the student who is trying to express his or her thoughts on the topic.A personal touch is very important in sample essays. The essay samples you use should be more interesting and more tailored to your subject. You need to select essays that are unique and original. However, it is important to remember that the overall look of the essay should be professional.Many of the essay samples come with customized templates. This can add to the work that you do by making it easier to use. It can make it easy to arrange the essay and keep track of the time that has been spent.It is important that the essay samples you choose to have a personal touch. If the essay samples you pick have personal touch, it may make it seem as if the essay writer felt as if the essay was his or her own. It is important that you select the essay samples with a personal touch, but it is also important to make sure that the work does not detract from the important considerations you will have to make when selecting essay samples.Of course, it is important to make sure that the essay samples you choose are easy to use. The best way to ensure this is to choose easy to use templates that you can download for free from the Internet. The best of these are hoste d by websites such as LiveJournal, a community where students often hold their writings and include instructions for reading, editing, and printing.After you have found essay samples that you are comfortable using, it is also a good idea to read them to see how easy they are to use. Then, take the time to compare these with other essays that are similar in content and style. This will help you get a better sense of the style and format of the sample essay.

Interpersonal Communication And Conflict Resolution

Literature Review I have read, evaluated, examined and summarised the main secondary research resources that helped me understand my interpersonal communication topic, Conflict Management, and how theories, relevant skills and strategies can play a big role throughout the resolution and frequency of conflict among my peers. Personality Types and Development of Adolescents’ Conflict with Friends This study aimed to examine the developmental pattern of adolescents’ conflict frequency and conflict resolution with their best friends, and differences in these developmental changes between individuals with different personality types. According to the Dual Concern model individuals’ utilization of conflict resolution depends on the level of concern for oneself versus others. Specifically, collaboration occurs when there is high concern for both oneself and others. This strategy is characterized by positive conflict resolution behaviours such as negotiation and compromise. Accommodation takes place when there is high concern for others, but low concern for oneself. This strategy is characterized by high levels of compliance. A controlling resolution strategy reflects a high concern for oneself and low concern for others, and is characterized by negative affect, hostility, or coercive behaviour. In addition, a non-confrontational strategy, which involves reducing the importance of conflict and attempting to suppress thinking about conflict, represents a low concern for both oneselfShow MoreRelatedTypes of Conflict in Organisations1434 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Identification and Resolution Name of Student Institutional Affiliation Conflict refers to the struggle or disagreement between people or parties with opposing principles or opinions. An interactive human being is involved in quite a few conflict scenarios through the course of his or her life and a group of people in a team or organization is quite often faced with conflicts as a result of differences in ideologies or when one party doesnt perform as well as expectedRead More Communication Patterns of Children During Conflict Essay examples1558 Words   |  7 Pageseventually their siblings or peers. Conflict is a part of life that children need to use to develop skills on resolving disagreements; conflict is not always bad. Peer conflict, however, can lead to aggressive behavior because of significant emotional and physical harm. Many youth lack the social skills needed to handle their aggravation. Peer conflict communicates joint disagreement or aggression between peers or peer groups. Peer conflict is characterized as conflict between people of equal or similarRead MoreConflicts And Conflict Resolution Process1671 Words   |  7 PagesConflicts are inevitable in any human s’ interaction which makes their occurrence normal in the workplace. Conflict can be caused by imbalance of power and communication barriers that arise from the social structure or individual interpersonal’ perceptions, assumptions and expectations. The interpersonal conflict has a huge impact on the individual himself and extends to the workplace. The Human Resources (HR) role comes in light to attempt to help in the conflict resolution process. Human resourcesRead MoreEffective Communication Skills Are Essential For Success1222 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Effective Communication skills are essential for success in every organization. Individuals today in the workplace need to effectively communicate with employees, customers and potential clients. Effective and clear communication if not delivered in the right manner could be interpreted by the receiver and have a negative impact. There are many barriers that can effect a conversation such as cultural differences, gender and environment. Employees can learn how to adapt in differentRead MoreConflict Management, Interpersonal Communication, And Motivational Theories1106 Words   |  5 Pagespresented concepts of conflict management, interpersonal communication, and motivational theories and their significance to the overall success of an organization. As we dig deeper into the material for leadership and management, the shining theme throughout our readings has been self-less leadership (Satterlee, 2013). This week, we focused on the importance of interpersonal communication, and conflict management. Owner, leaders, and managers must understand the importance of communication especially ifRead MoreConflict Resolution1281 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Everyone faces conflict in their lives on a daily basis. It is an accepted and expected part of life. Conflict is not a problem in itself - it is what we do with it that counts. You cant avoid conflict in your life, at home, at work, and even at play. Wherever people interact, there is a potential for conflict. That is not bad news because good things can arise, and relationships can improve through conflict, provided conflict is managed with thought and attention. The bad newsRead MoreTaking a Look at Interpersonal Communication716 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstood,† said Ralph Nichols and this thought is agreeable as the interpersonal skills are the skills people use throughout their life to interact with individuals or group of people in the society. It has been believed that the people with good interpersonal skills are generally more successful and get effective fruitful results in both their personal and professional lives. People who work hard to develop strong interpersonal skills can augment many aspects of life and lead to better relationshipsRead MoreFineal667 Words   |  3 Pagesassembled this presentation in order to demonstrate the proper usage of interpersonal communication when working with another individual/team. I chose to reveal my findings using â€Å"case study one.† When a group can no longer openly discuss common issues without a member becoming disgruntled with the argument, interpersonal communication is not being utilized within the group of individuals. In this particular instance, the conflict within the group is over political views. I believe we can all relateRead MoreRelationship Between The Senior Management Team Of A Company And The Junior Employees1392 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Interpersonal communication plays a very important role in an organization. It enabled employees from different departments to harmoniously work together towards the achievement of common shared goals. In fact, successful business relationships can only be maintained if employees hold impeccable interpersonal communication skills. In this paper, the focus will be on the business relationship between the senior management team of a company and the junior employees. In mostRead MoreTeam Development Techniques1050 Words   |  4 Pageschannels of communication with your employees. This must not only be between the manager and the employees, but also among the staff as well. Further, the organization must create a working atmosphere in which employees know that management is always available to listen to their concerns. It is also beneficial to discuss genuine issues amongst the team in a relevant and productive manner (LaFasto, 2001). Identify potential areas of conflict within a diverse project team. The first conflict that would

The Post-War Economic Boom After WWII

Many Americans feared that the end of World War II and the subsequent drop in military spending might bring back the hard times of the Great Depression. But instead, pent-up consumer demand fueled exceptionally strong economic growth in the post-war period. The automobile industry successfully converted back to producing cars, and new industries such as aviation and electronics grew by leaps and bounds. A housing boom, stimulated in part by easily affordable mortgages for returning members of the military, added to the expansion. The nations gross national product rose from about $200,000 million in 1940 to $300,000 million in 1950 and to more than $500,000 million in 1960. At the same time, the jump in post-war births, known as the baby boom, increased the number of consumers. More and more Americans joined the middle class. The Military Industrial Complex The need to produce war supplies had given rise to a huge military-industrial complex (a term coined by Dwight D. Eisenhower, who served as the U.S. president from 1953 through 1961). It did not disappear with the wars end. As the Iron Curtain descended across Europe and the United States found itself embroiled in a ​Cold War with the Soviet Union, the government maintained substantial fighting capacity and invested in sophisticated weapons such as the hydrogen bomb. Economic aid flowed to war-ravaged European countries under the Marshall Plan, which also helped maintain markets for numerous U.S. goods. And the government itself recognized its central role in economic affairs. The Employment Act of 1946 stated as government policy to promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power. The United States also recognized during the post-war period the need to restructure international monetary arrangements, spearheading the creation of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank — institutions designed to ensure an open, capitalist international economy. Business, meanwhile, entered a period marked by consolidation. Firms merged to create huge, diversified conglomerates. International Telephone and Telegraph, for instance, bought Sheraton Hotels, Continental Banking, Hartford Fire Insurance, Avis Rent-a-Car, and other companies. Changes in the American Workforce The American workforce also changed significantly. During the 1950s, the number of workers providing services grew until it equaled and then surpassed the number who produced goods. And by 1956, a majority of U.S. workers held white-collar rather than blue-collar jobs. At the same time, labor unions won long-term employment contracts and other benefits for their members. Farmers, on the other hand, faced tough times. Gains in productivity led to agricultural overproduction, as farming became a big business. Small family farms found it increasingly difficult to compete, and more and more farmers left the land. As a result, the number of people employed in the farm sector, which in 1947 stood at 7.9 million, began a continuing decline; by 1998, U.S. farms employed only 3.4 million people. Other Americans moved, too. Growing demand for single-family homes and the widespread ownership of cars led many Americans to migrate from central cities to suburbs. Coupled with technological innovations such as the invention of air conditioning, the migration spurred the development of Sun Belt cities such as Houston, Atlanta, Miami, and Phoenix in the southern and southwestern states. As new, federally-sponsored highways created better access to the suburbs, business patterns began to change as well. Shopping centers multiplied, rising from eight at the end of World War II to 3,840 in 1960. Many industries soon followed, leaving cities for less crowded sites. Source This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.

The Radical Groups Of Thinkers - 1548 Words

Throughout the recent centuries, biologists, psychologist, and sociologists have been franticly researching a single question, which if solved, can help us decode our every behavior and decision. Why exactly are we the people we are today? This question has sparked many passionate debates, one of them being; Nature (Genetics, biological traits,) versus Nurture (Environmental effects, learning behavior). There are two radical groups of thinkers in which strictly oppose each other, Nativists and Empiricist and with a common interest in mind, their perspective of how a being develops behaviorally and cognitively differ drastically with very few to none similarities. This theory provides the most insight to the mystery that is ourselves.†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, we have not the slightest proof that behavioral traits are passed down through genetics, which leads us to believe that our next best answer would consist of environmental stimuli influencing our developme nt of the mind. An example of an environmental stimuli would be social interaction, in which we all show signs of change from our fetal stages to the day we die. During this time span of time we form our own unique individuality and behavior. There are many different perspectives of psychology in which psychologists try to explain the reasoning behind humanistic behavior and thinking. There are two extremist groups of psychologists that strictly oppose each other when it comes to the Nature vs. Nurture theory. Nativists, psychologists who adopt strong hereditary reasoning or Nature theory, believe humans are a product of evolution and our inner and external traits as well as our behavior are due to our very complex genetic form. The Nativists believe our individuality is a result of the mixed genetic code, which we get from both of our parents. This code is solely different from any other being in the world. Nativists strongly believe every reaction we have and behavior we exhibit i s part of our genetic code, which still remains a mystery today. These thoughts are so radical that after decades of research and experimentation, it is still strongly believed that our genetic code is the proper

The Created Superior Council Encompassed Two Houses, Namely

The created Superior Council encompassed two houses, namely Administrative and Disciplinary units. The core responsibility of this council is to deliver the requirements by the judicial career. This, along with the changes in the constitutional structures lightened the rights of the Colombians as the human rights were added into the new constitution thus protecting their interests. Following the continuous low ranking in this system, the World Bank, in 2009 introduced projects that strengthen the judicial operations in Colombia. This project reinforced the activities of the Interior and Justice ministry and offered quality resolution services for the disputes. By 2013, this country’s judicial system was ranked by the World Bank at 150 out†¦show more content†¦This may cover the transitional mechanism into a new set of operations. Thus, these amendments may be viewed by some philosophers as unconstitutional thus erodes its validity. Thus, the AG may be handcuffed from delivering adequate and fair judgment to the proprietors of crimes against humanity that include genocide and also war. In addition, the AG may be limited to prosecute selected crimes which leave the crime gap that needs to be examined (Bernal-Pulido, 2014). The differing in the court opinions hurdles the overall decision by the AG with respect to a particular case. An opinion that is passed by a certain court sets a precedent that can be used to make a decision. Hirschl (2006) argued that some of the decisions by the Supreme Court in Colombia are not unanimous. However, the court takes the opinion of the majority of the nine organs. This follows a provision of adequate evidence as well as the credibility of such shreds of evidence. The similar tie of the vote may occur and this makes the situation even harder as the process of re-examination may influence the decision in either positive of negative way. Beside this, politics also may invade the decision-making process. Caldwell (1953) discussed the lines between the Colombian government and the judicial system. Sometimes the powers overlap and since politics constitute the judicial system through the election of the officials by the national assembly, it isShow MoreRelatedDuty of Care E ssay33461 Words   |  134 Pagesthere was no relation existed between the Manufacturer and Y how they could impose a duty in such a situation. Furthermore because of the principle of Privity Y could not sue the Shop hence she had no contractual relations with the shop. However the House of Lords by majority discovered that there was a duty. And how it worked we come know form the dicta of Lord Atkin. His Lordship stated that, manufacturers has a duty because Y was neighbor by law of the manufacturer, and everyone has duty by lawRead MoreTesco Strategy Report Essay7369 Words   |  30 PagesProfessor Kannan Ramaswamy, with research assistance by Mr. Gennady Dikalov, MIM 2000, for the purpose of classroom discussion only, and not to indicate either effective or ineffective management. Tesco, PLC: From Mouse to House in Online Grocery Retailing We have got a two-year lead over our competitors on the Internet and we intend to exploit that. We are the largest grocery internet retailer in the world. Mr. Terry Leahy, CEO, Tesco, PLC. April 2000. It was a bright sunny morning in MayRead MoreDebonairs Pizza Product-Market Expansion Growth Strategies27204 Words   |  109 Pagestogether with its vast network of academic and intellectual capacity in the region, MANCOSA is able to deliver quality and relevant management education to all its students. 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Rather than building on a strong tradition of really useful relationships between the practical and academic spheres in accounting, I sense that the two worlds have less and less to do with one another. It is therefore ever more important to reflect on the contributions which Michael Bromwich has made. He played an important role in the diffusion of modern practices of capital investment appraisal inRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesMarketing Sheffield Hallam University and Visiting Professor, Northumbria University AMSTERDAM †¢ BOSTON †¢ HEIDELBERG †¢ LONDON †¢ NEW YORK †¢ OXFORD PARIS †¢ SAN DIEGO †¢ SAN FRANCISCO †¢ SINGAPORE †¢ SYDNEY †¢ TOKYO Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 1992 Second edition 1997 Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 Third edition 2005 Copyright  © 1992, 1997, 2005, Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan. All rights reservedRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages . . 302 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 The Content Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation . . . . . . . . 307 McClelland’s Need Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 The Process Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Adams’s Equity Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Ha ll393164 Words   |  1573 Pages1 Computerized Decision Making 194 Case Incident 2 Predictions That Didn’t Quite Pan Out 195 7 Motivation Concepts 201 Defining Motivation 202 Early Theories of Motivation 203 Hierarchy of Needs Theory 203 †¢ Theory X and Theory Y 205 †¢ Two-Factor Theory 205 †¢ McClelland’s Theory of Needs 207 Contemporary Theories of Motivation 208 Self-Determination Theory 208 †¢ Job Engagement 211 †¢ Goal-Setting Theory 212 †¢ Self-Efficacy Theory 215 †¢ Reinforcement Theory 218 †¢ Equity Theory/Organizational

The Dynatron †Case Study-Free-Samples for Students Myassignment

Question: Please read the Dynatron Case. Among the three production alternatives, which suggestion would you recommend? What are the pros and cons of each suggestion? Answer: Recommended suggestion among the three alternatives Based on the three alternatives for the case study the best alternative would be to use the second alternative. The total production of 150,000 products needs to be produced. The super product needs to be produced 85,000 units and standard products would be 115,000. This would be the best alternative as the total net profit would be 303,857. This is higher than the other two alternatives, which is 97,035 for alternative 1 and 167,517 for alternative 3. Pros and cons of the three alternative The pros and cons of the three alternatives can be discussed as follows: For alternative 1: Pros: There is the proper following of the inventory and the products in the factory Cons: The net resultant profit is much lower than the other two alternatives. For alternative 2: Pros: The net result for the whole process would yield an amount of 303,857. Cons: There is a deficiency in the availability of the standard products by a number of 250. For alternative 3: Pros: There is an abundance of the products in the inventory Cons: The yield of the net result is lower than the other two alternatives.

Robots in Society and the End of Manual Labor for Humans

Question: Discuss about theRobots in Society and the End of Manual Labor for Humans. Answer: One of these fine days, the world is going to experience one of the greatest unemployment crisis in the history of humankind. The crisis being right or bad will depend entirely on how the world had prepared for it. Technology is advancing at a faster rate that machine intelligence is capable of performing all manual labor tasks. Ingelhart (2015) argues that the world is on the brink of technological based societal transformation. Furthermore, the change is likely to be bigger than that witnessed during the industrial revolution. The revolution is not just the machine driven technology for manual labor but man inventions that think at the level of human beings and beyond. Furthermore, automated systems will take nearly half of the manufacturing jobs in the next generation (Frey Osborne, 2017). On the same note, the second wave of transformation is yet to be fully realized, it is, however, estimated that the full breakthrough would be achieved in the 2040s and 2050s. Technology and its effects on the manual laborer's workforce are not a new phenomenon. Furthermore, it is not an impediment to those people who are eager to work. For instance, the invention of internal combustion engines may have rendered many carriage assembly workers jobless, but it created many jobs in the advertising, manufacturing, and auto mobile maintenance industries. A report by the Deloitte consultancy firm estimates that through automation, though the economy of Australia has benefited, 800,000 have been lost since 2001. Furthermore, the report indicates that it is likely that more than 11 million manual jobs are likely to be lost within the next decade through automation of tasks performed by the manual workers (Rossel, 2015). The manual labor markets have never witnessed such a massive change in the workforce. The potential consequences are clearly being witnessed by the decreasing number of employed manual laborers. Moreover, the continuous application of robotic machines to replace the human workforce is an urgent issue facing many nations. However, many governments have failed to address the issue. Many nations have been unable to set up cabinet committees to come up with solutions or even look at the impact these robots have had on the economy and the ethical dilemmas they potentially have on the masses. In addition to that, many nations have failed to come up with a clear way of sharing revenues generated through the use of robots (Dom Hanson, 2015,pp621-46). The traditionally intellectual jobs are not also safe anymore. Machines such as Watson system by the International Business Machine that was famous for the win in jeopardy is likely to take over jobs involving large data (Carayannis, 2010). Doctor and lawyer jobs are in danger of being fully automated through the use of robots due to the ability of robots to integrate and consume more information than human beings. Similarly, traditionally intelligent jobs will be the first to go in this technological transformation. Moreover, we should appreciate the nature of machines. Technology has brought with it machines with creativity, robots able to compose music and write stories. The invention of machinery focused on the replacement of dull routine tasks with automated interfaces. Computers, for instance, was capable of executing complex mathematical calculations seamlessly, computations which previously was performed by a large number of people. Furthermore, the strides achieved in the 20th century, however, is far much advanced than those of the last fifteen years (MacCroy et al.2014). With the cheap computing power, big data analytics tasks have been fully automated while complex decision making is left to a few chosen professionals. Throughout human history, technological advancements continued to ignite frustration due to the potential of unemployment and job displacement. Back in the history of human beings, nearly 90 percent of people worked on their farms, in the 21st century, only about 2 percent of the worlds population works on their farms. During this ancient periods, unemployment was unheard. The current trend of polarizing the labor market has led to the shrinking of middle-wage occupations while low wage jobs increase. Furthermore, many individuals who end up losing their jobs to robotic systems, easily accept low paid wages because it is easier than retraining to pursue a position demanding high-level skills (Dauth, 2014). On the other hand, many argue that government involvement in the formulation of policies can help shape the industry. In a hypothetical scenario, two cases are true. Robots and automated machines produce all that is necessary for the survival of the human race, and human beings wont find work and continue to lose their daily source of income because all work is left to the robots and machines (Bakkari, Rachidi Khatory, 2015). This is the society of today. The result is that a small fraction of the population which was wealthy before automation took place continue to live comfortably while enjoying the benefits of the machine economy. The majority of the population which is poor continue to starve. According to Heyer (2010), robotic systems have come with some advantages. For instance, efficiency in the manual work sector has been enhanced. Advancements from the steam engine to the Internet have improved our lives, have created new business opportunities and driven growth in the economy of many nations. Many automated systems are capable of multitasking. Case in point is a robot welding, riveting, bonding and installing various parts of equipment. Hypothetically, it may turn out that advancements in automation of work processes may end up augmenting human labor instead of replacing human workforce. Furthermore, technological advancements may never exceed the mental capacity of human beings (Lin, Abney Bekey, 2011). However, the acceleration of automated systems is continuing to widen the gap between the economic winners and losers. Many possibilities may play out in the future but the trend being witnessed is going to have a profound effect in the next century, and the world should, therefore, prepare well for what will transpire. Cheap machines will do jobs and tasks belonging to the manual laborers, and the wages of unskilled workers will continue to decrease. In summary, a new category of unemployed and unskilled labor commonly referred to as digital losers are emerging in the 21st century. The board of contention continues to be that automated systems and robots coupled with digital technologies are continuing to be blamed for the lack of jobs. In addition to that, many people who are studying with hopes of being employed in the future are now worried. Moreover, new robots are encroaching into the skills of humans beings in an unprecedented way. Many middle-class jobs are at the center of it all. High skilled jobs in the education and engineering sectors are not being spared either. No economic law exists to state that anyone automatically benefits from a technological advancement. The economic elite in the society understands some workers are likely to lose out in the battle against the machine. It is imperative that the governments of affected countries step in to avert the looming crisis. A government through the formulation of polici es and levies can help salvage the situation. The adoption of a machine is not disputed, but it should not be at the expense of the manual labor workforce, this is because a machine will never be more intelligent than the human brain. Furthermore, failure to deal with the crisis will continue to widen the gap between the upper class and the lower class in our society. Economic gains may be achieved through automated systems but the world risk having a population which is idle. The dangers associated with having a population which is learned or unskilled in the case of manual workers who lack jobs is like having a ticking time bomb waiting to erupt. References Bakkari, M., Rachidi, A. and Khatory, A., 2015, December. Evolution of automated production systems in SMEs: what are the consequences for the employees? Carayannis, E.G., 2010. Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management. Dauth, W., 2014.Job polarization on local labor markets(No. 18/2014). Iab discussion paper. Dorn, D. and Hanson, G.H., 2015. Untangling trade and technology: Evidence from local labor markets.Economic Journal,125(584), pp.621-46. Frey, C.B. and Osborne, M.A., 2017. The future of employment: how susceptible are jobs to computerization?Technological Forecasting and Social Change,114, pp.254-280. Heyer, C., 2010, October. Human-robot interaction and future industrial robotics applications. InIntelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2010RSJ International Conference on(pp. 4749-4754). Inglehart, R., 2015.The silent revolution: Changing values and political styles among Western publics. Princeton University Press. Lin, P., Abney, K. and Bekey, G., 2011. Robot ethics: Mapping the issues for a mechanized world.Artificial Intelligence,175(5-6), pp.942-949. MacCrory, F., Westerman, G., Alhammadi, Y. and Brynjolfsson, E., 2014. Racing with and against the machine: changes in occupational skill composition in an era of rapid technological advance. Rssel, P., 2015. The changing interaction between robots and humans in the working environment.

Fun High School Research Paper Topics

Fun High School Research Paper TopicsSome fun high school research paper topics to consider include 'Yellow Fever'Hair Culture.' These topics can be done with basic research skills and an ordinary amount of time. The teacher or supervisor will find this interesting since they are closely related. The question is how long does it take to do this project, and how much research will be needed.In addition to the problems of yellow fever and hair culture, there are many different health problems that the student may want to explore. For example, a student may wish to look at childhood illnesses that have occurred in adults over a longer period of time. If the student takes notes on the current vaccines, and the school district's immunization records, they can learn about diseases and illnesses that are currently being handled by the school. This is an excellent way to learn about the nature of various health care problems, and how other people cope with them.After completing this topic, i t is possible to develop an interest in other health problems. Some children are diagnosed with asthma as they grow older. There is also the possibility of learning about lung conditions in older children, like COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. There are also many things that are not listed above, but many more that may be learned if there is the desire to write a good high school research paper.Since school districts require these documents, it is important for a student to do some research before starting the project. It is also important for the student to read several medical journals in order to find the best information and learn more about the subject. When looking at health topics, it is always best to study the journal articles that discuss the topic and make notes about the material so that it will be easier to gather information on the topic later.One of the best ways to create fun high school research paper topics is to research the problem itself. The stud ent should ask questions about things that they do not understand about health and the cause of certain health problems. A research paper should deal with some facts and know-how on the subject matter. This is important to remember for high school students.Not all health problems are a result of alcohol or drugs, although some students are very curious about this and want to learn about the different types of substances that have been known to cause health problems. A student may want to look into medical issues such as brain tumors, cancer, and heart problems. A student may even want to read about more natural cures that are available for these medical problems.There are many different health problems that students may learn about, and many different situations that they may come across during their own lives. It is a good idea for students to begin researching different types of illnesses and then finding out what the current research is about the issue. This is important because it allows them to gain knowledge of the world around them.It is important for students to remember that they are allowed to write about research paper topics that are related to school in their own names. This allows them to feel proud about a project that they did for school. Some teachers encourage the students to use their own ideas when writing their project papers. This is good for both the students and the teachers.

Representation of slavery in Beloved by Toni Morrison Essay Example

Representation of slavery in Beloved by Toni Morrison Essay Those who are unfamiliar with the raw concept of what the institution of slavery was will consider its role in Beloved as truly disturbing and psychologically horrifying. In a modern world where slavery has become a distant concept that is virtually non-existent, it no longer has a true identity. In this novel, we are shown how slavery cannot be simply defined as the trade in people, but as the manipulation of their emotions and freedom by others who held power over them. Beloved reveals slavery in its purest form, what it really was at its most powerful and how it left former slaves mentally shattered even after it was abolished. The novel is very complex and the theme of slavery works on a number of levels. Within the text, it is rich in historical detail regarding slavery by cataloguing atrocities of slavery, with the purpose of highlighting its harsh reality. Slavery as a theme is explored in Beloved through the traumatic experiences of former slaves and despite being physically free, their past continues to haunt them. Through the paraphernalia of slavery in the novel, Morrison is aiming to educate the reader slavery in its totality. Morrison does this through teaching the reader about slavery, almost as a history lesson and by giving it characteristics that tell the reader what it was like. This is the opinion of Carol Rumens from a review in the Times Literary Supplement of October 1987: Morrison increases our sense of outrage of slavery by describing the system, initially, not at its most brutal but at its most enlightened. We will write a custom essay sample on Representation of slavery in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Representation of slavery in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Representation of slavery in Beloved by Toni Morrison specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This quote further implies that slavery has always been regarded as a mistake of the past but the emphasis on its nature is given definition in Beloved. Morrisons aim in doing this is her concern that slavery is in danger of becoming just a word, which has no clear meaning. What Morrison achieves through language and the lives of the characters in the novel, is to allow the reader an insight into the world of slavery. Morrison portrays slavery as an underlying theme in the central story of the novel. This is done through the use of first person narrative throughout the novels many characters. Its use allows the reader to view the lives of these people through their own eyes; how they live and feel their emotions, and thus we too experience slavery. As a result, we view the life of each person and his or her view. This is present in the narrative of the Schoolteacher whose interpretations show how many slave owners felt morally superior to their slaves and justified slavery by believing as if it were natural that blacks were meant to be slaves. Schoolteacher renders them as ..creatures God had given you the responsibility of, but the first person narrative gives the reader the opportunity to contemplate why he believed this. This quote is taken from Schoolteachers narrative just as Sethe has murdered Beloved: all testimony to the results of a little so-called freedom imposed on people who needed every care and guidance in the world to keep them from the cannibal life they preferred. By telling the story through a series of first person narratives, Morrison allows the reader to view what happens by how the particular character interprets them because she wants us to perceive them in a certain way. This is a characteristic of the convention of the omniscient author. Morrison use of the convention of the omniscient author encourages the reader to experience slavery as a direct experience, Margaret Atwood of the New York Times describes this as: ..we experience American slavery as it was lived by those who were its objects of its exchange at its worst, which was as bad as can be imagined. This shows the emotional bearing on the character overwhelms any physical effects in the text. None of the characters can completely forget their individual experiences of slavery but learn to cope in their own ways, Sethe does not and carries out the ultimate atrocity in Beloved. Like many former slaves in the novel, Sethe regards her past as a slave as a separate life from the present in order to make it feel more distant: ..every mention of her past life hurt. Everything in it was either painful or lost. It was this past she was haunted by what led her to attempt to murder all her children and to being successful in murdering one, especially the experience of being literally milked by the Schoolteachers nephews. She doesnt want her own children (of whom she is very possessive) to experience slavery. Paul D describes her love as: for a used to-be-slave woman to love anything that much was dangerous, especially if it was her children she had settled on to love. This quote sounds unnatural but realistic when applied to slavery. To love your own children is natural; it is a mothers maternal instinct, but as Baby Suggs tells Denver, slaves were only supposed to please their owners: Slaves not supposed to have pleasurable feelings on their own please whoever owned them. Sethes horror of overhearing one of the nephews of the Schoolteacher had written about her animal characteristics with ink she had made for them, dictates what she becomes after escaping Sweet Home. A. S. Byatt expresses this as a profound and patterning metaphor. This representation is of Sethe being degraded to an animal-like status exemplified when she is milked. Milking Sethe was one of Schoolteachers ways of trying to argue slavery was justified by labelling slaves more animal than human: ..two boys..one sucking on my breast the other holding me down, their book-reading teacher watching and writing it up. Sethe describes her horrific treatment as being handled (me) like I was the cow,.. This simile comparing her treatment with that of an animal emphasizes how Schoolteacher felt Sethe was more animal than human. We usually associate milking as an animal practice not for humans. Margaret Atwood of the New York Times conveys the impact slavery also had on the perpetrators of it: ..they start believing in their own superiority and justifying their actions by it..they make a cult of the inferiority of those they subjugate. This is certainly true of Schoolteacher who seems to command respect as he feels superior, however, by doing this he is just proving how inhumane people like him are and in spite of his education the slaves are superior to him. Sethe is left psychologically scarred by the trauma of what was inflicted upon her and will not allow her children to suffer like she had as a slave: That anybody white could take your whole self for anything that came to mind Dirty you so bad you couldnt like yourself anymore. Dirty you so bad you forgot who you were and couldnt think it up.. the best thing was, her children. Whites might dirt her all right, but not her best thing. The repetition of Dirty you.. calls attention to Sethes feelings of her no longer being herself anymore. So when the threat of Schoolteacher taking her best thing away from her into a world she did not want her children to experience, she makes the ultimate decision. Sethe was determined not to allow Schoolteacher take her children: I have felt what it felt like and nobody.. is going to make you feel it too. Not you, not none of mine, and when I tell you you mine, I mean Im yours. The syntax in the last sentence of the quotation shows that Sethes message is blunt and she sounds determined. This is an act of rebellion for any slave. Since her animal characteristics were listed, that is what she literally becomes when the whites came for her, she expresses this as those whom send the birds twittering back into her hair. Consequently, this was how she feels when she collects her children in order to kill them: Little hummingbirds stuck their needle beaks..through.. into her hair and beat their wings.. She just flew. Stamp Paid who witnessed the event depicts her behaviour in a similar bird-like manner: ..snatching up her children like a hawk on the wing; how her face beaked, how her hands worked like claws,.. These accounts give the impression that Sethe suddenly became bird-like in her behaviour. The repetition of how her and the similes show the similarity between Sethes character and that of a bird, Sethe adopted the characteristics of a bird as soon as she felt her children were in danger from the whites. Sethe believes she made the right decision, which she justifies as: How if I hadnt killed her she would have died and that is something I could not bear to happen to her. This statement sounds ironic, as it seems Sethe is saying that by murdering Beloved it was better for her to die than to live. She would have died mentally, which is probably an indication of how Sethe perceives herself. The novel is full of many paradoxes, Paul D describes his life as Life was dead. This has an effect on the lives of these slaves (at that time in the text) being something that they werent meant to be and wanting what wouldnt be regarded as acceptable or normal to their owners. In the second part of the novel, Morrison makes the reader aware that this story is not real, but mythical. Sethe murdering Beloved is meant to draw attention to a message within the story. It seems this almost mythical novel is encouraging the readers to think about what the story of Beloved is trying to teach. Sethe is not only physically haunted by her murdered daughter but mentally by her past which she cannot forget: but her brain was not interested in the future. Loaded with the past and hungry for more, it left her no room to imagine let alone plan for, the next day. The idea of the past continuing to haunt the present is reinforced in the text through many of the monologues and the first person narratives of Sethe, who cant forget her past. The characters reminisce frequently using the present tense in past events, which shows how the past is still evident within the present. However, some former slaves like Ella, who manage to cope with their past and look to the future are free of their past: the future was sunset; the past something to leave behind. And if it didnt stay behind, well, you might have to stomp it out. Slave life; freed life-every day was a test and a trial. Finally, the ghost of Beloved in her supernatural and physical form represents Sethes past that she cant let go of. You get the impression that Sethe wants the ghost there, which is why she returns in a human form. In Beloved the reluctance of Sethe and Beloved to let go of each other leads to dreadful consequences for Sethe who becomes devoured by Beloved. In the same way Sethe is haunted by Beloved by continually looking to the past instead of the future, Morrison is trying to teach black Americans the lesson that Sethe has to learn. How Sethe cant look to the future and instead looks to the past, the past eventually devours her personified by Beloved. Black Americans who are haunted by the past of their forefathers, who may have been slaves and dont look to the future will also have a bleak future if they do not learn the same lesson as Sethe. Andrà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s T. Tapia also reaches this conclusion in article taken from cheski.net: Those who cant let go of the past self destruct while those who choose to respect and mourn the past but not be beholden to it find unexpected freedom. In the final chapter of the novel, Morrison ends the story with Beloved letting Sethe go. The chapter essentially emphasizes the meaning of the novel and is almost like a fairy tale ending. The past no longer haunts the former slaves in the novel for those like Sethe. They have forgotten the past like a bad dream. Forgetting is repeated again in the chapter to emphasize its importance and making the past into an unpleasant dream. It is through Beloved that Sethe finds an inner peace. Morrison is reinforcing the message to many black Americans that like Sethe they must achieve their own inner peace. They must learn to forget the past as stated Remembering seemed unwise., so to remember the past will achieve nothing but looking to the future they will also achieve their own freedom. Morrison emphasizes the need for the black community not to teach the future generations the mistakes of the past through repetition of the single line It was not a story to pass on.at two separate points of the chapter. The characters in the novel that had any contact with Beloved did this as they realised that to remember too much would be a mistake. In a paragraph after the second time this line is repeated, Morrison warns the black American reader: This is not a story to pass on. This single statement is of a much more blunt and threatening tone and acts as a final warning. Essentially, what Morrison is saying is that eventually the past can be forgotten and then a future can be achieved. Slavery was their past and not the future. It was harsh and brutal for their forefathers whom were the victims of an inhumane institution but that doesnt mean the future has to be their past too.

Essay Topics for Class: Achieving Success With Essay Topics

Essay Topics for Class: Achieving Success With Essay TopicsWhen preparing for any essay, there are plenty of topics to select from. There are many aspects to an essay and it is essential that you select topics with which you are comfortable and knowledgeable. A good topic should be written in a concise way and must not only be interesting but also be presented correctly. When selecting topics for your essay, you want to take note of the following key points.The topics will vary depending on the different subject, you may be writing about. Some topics are easy to write about, while others are more challenging. One of the easiest topics to write about would be a favorite hobby of yours. However, the reason that writing about a hobby is a good idea is because people tend to like hobbies that they are familiar with. Therefore, writing about something that you enjoy will ensure that you get noticed by the class and by your professors.For those who have taken college courses in high school , chances are that you enjoyed attending the courses as well as taking them. For those who did not finish high school, it is possible that your interest was never in sports, music, or books. However, if you do decide to try your hand at writing an essay, then it is a good idea to select an area of interest in which you have had a previous interest.Another common topic for a personal essay would be a special event in one's life. These include such things as a wedding, a graduation, a prom, or the birth of a child. Whatever the topic, the importance of finding a way to write about it is that it creates a sense of personalization for the essay.One of the most important topic to focus on in a personal essay is that of relationships. It is important to write about the events in the past that you experienced because this will provide some insight into what you two share now. However, your focus should always be on your partner's relationship.In addition to the career you chose, it is also important to consider your career objective when writing. Whether you want to pursue a specific profession, or you are simply seeking a new career path, choosing a topic that you are passionate about is always a good idea. By relating your career objective to the topic of your essay, it will make it easier for you to connect the two, and then present an argument for why your chosen career path is the best one for you.As mentioned above, you will find that there are many different subject areas that will allow you to select from. It is important that you choose a topic that interests you the most. You will also find that these subjects are easy to write about because the focus is not on telling the students what they need to know, but rather the concept behind the information that is presented.Choosing topics for your essay is one of the first steps in learning how to write an essay. Therefore, it is always recommended that you learn as much as you can about the subject so that you can choose topics that are interesting to you and which will allow you to explain something in your personal style.

Essay Topics That Will Have Students Pouring Over Them

Essay Topics That Will Have Students Pouring Over ThemIf you want to write a good essay that can be taken to college, you need to know which essay topics are going to be most effective in giving you the education you are looking for. Some subjects, however, tend to lend themselves to lengthy, ponderous prose while others have a very simple format.You should choose essay topics that include topics that will give you the most detailed information possible without creating long essays. Remember that not everyone is going to take the same amount of time to complete a particular essay, so you will have to pick topic topics that can be used in multiple drafts.One of the easier essay topics to write is one that discusses values. Although it is easier to talk about how values should be lived, this should not be your focus. Focus on what is important to you and write about what your own values are.Points about the lives of notable people are great for essays because they are such an important part of our culture today. For example, you may want to write about Thomas Jefferson's life. Or you may want to discuss the history of famous families. Whatever your personal interests, writing an essay with points based on them can be a great way to show your expertise.Not all essays can take points, however, so look for essay topics that do not require any particular skill in order to write. If you do not have expertise in any of the subjects you wish to write about, you can also find essays on subjects you are interested in writing about, as long as the essay topics you use are easy enough to write.Again, some topics that will be very easy to write are general ones. Writing about things that interest you in school, for example, will be easy for many students to understand. As long as you do not mention anything that is considered sensitive by the student body, you will not have any problems at all.Also, there are online courses that can help you find essay topics for your subjec t matter. By making use of these courses, you will not have to worry about making mistakes or getting lost in the process. This can allow you to get the most out of your essay.If you are looking for good essay topics, there are many resources online to help you do so. Just make sure that you are going to use the topics that will be most beneficial to you and not the easiest ones that are the easiest to find.

French Long Stay Visa and Residence Permit Application

French Long Stay Visa and Residence Permit Application If youre a United States citizen and want to live in France for an extended period of time, you will need a visa de long sà ©jour (long-stay visa) before you go- France will not let you into the country without it. You will also need a carte de sejour, a residence permit which you complete after you arrive in France. The following is a general overview of the process required by United States citizens to obtain long term residence in France. This information is derived from the exceptional amount of detail in English on the France-Visas website. Processes change and it is essential that you be au courant with the appropriate method, so plan to become familiar with France-Visas. The process is conducted in part online but it is a long one and can take weeks or months, and you may not be accepted the first time out. No matter what, France will not let you into the country without a proper visa, so dont buy your ticket until you have completed all the paperwork and have your visa in hand. Process and Function Basically, the long-stay visa is operationally equivalent to a Schengen visa- the visa used by residents of the 26 European states and members of the European Union that have officially abolished all passport and other border controls at their mutual borders. That means that with the visa you will be able to visit the 26 Schengen countries. There are some restrictions and some exceptions, depending in part on the purpose and length of your stay.   The visa and residence permit application process can vary not only due to different family and work situations but also based on where you apply. Beware of scams and unofficial websites: the official secure France-Visas portal is: https://france-visas.gouv.fr/en_US/web/us/ The official list of U.S. VFS Global Centre locations- a third party service provider where you will have to go to submit your visa application- is: https://france-visas.gouv.fr/en_US/web/us/a-qui-sadresser Do You Need a Long-Stay Visa?   In general, an American holding an ordinary passport who wishes to stay in France for a period between 90 days to a year will need a Visa de Long Sà ©jour acquired in advance. Exceptions include if you (or, if you are a minor, your parent) already hold a French residence permit or are a citizen of a European Union Member State. All visa requests must be entered online at the secure France Visas website- since you will be inputting personal information, be absolutely sure you are at the right website. The French government has created a Visa wizard so that if you have any doubts about whether you need one or not, use that.   Will You Also Need a Residence Permit? There are two types of long term visas: the visa de long sejour (VLS) and the visa de long sà ©jour valant titre de sà ©jour (VLS-TS). The VLS requires that you submit a request for a carte de sà ©jour (residence permit) within two months of your arrival in France; the VLS-TS is a combined visa and residence permit, which you must validate within three months of your arrival. They are both long term visas but they have administrative differences which are assigned to you by the French consulate. Either way, if you wish to stay beyond the one year limit, you must apply for a residence permit at your local prefecture in France. Categories of Long Stay Visas (VLS) There are four categories of long-stay visas, based on your purpose for going. The categories determine what supporting documentation you will require in advance, at the border, and in France, and any restrictions youll need to adhere to- such as whether you can work for pay while you are in the country.   The categories of purposes of a long-term stay are:   Tourism / private stay / hospital care: all of these purposes restrict you from working for pay.  Professional purpose: If you will be in France to work, you will need a professional visa regardless of whether you are an employee of a company, or self-employed. Youll have to describe the type of business you will conduct and, if you are in a profession that requires credentials such as doctors and teachers, you will need to prove that you meet French criteria to conduct that work.  Studies training: This category includes if you will be taking an advanced degree; if you want to learn French while working as a family assistant or an au pair; or if you want your minor child to study in a French school. You or your child may need to be officially enrolled before you go.  Family purpose: Youll need to provide the address, names, and nationality of your relatives in France, what your relationship to them is, and the reason for your stay.   Starting the Visa Process Once you have determined that you do need a visa, you can prepare your application online at the France-Visas portal, regardless of where you live in the United States. The online application form and you will be guided through the whole process by on-screen explanations. In order to save your form and print it out, youll have to create a personal account that includes your email address. Once you have finished, you will receive the list of required supporting documents required to the type of visa you have requested, and have the opportunity to book your appointment. All visas for France are ultimately reviewed by the French counsel in Washington DC, but first, youll have to appear in person at the VFS Global Centre for your region to get it submitted to DC. There are ten Global Centres in the United States- youll need to request an appointment through the France-Visas portal.   Submission Requirements   The specific documents you need will depend on your specific circumstances, but you will need a current passport, two recent identification photos in the  specific International Civil Aviation Organization (ISO/IECI) format, and whatever other documents (originals and a copy) are required because of your situation.   As of June 1, 2019, the legal requirements to successfully submit a visa are:   Your passport must be clean and in good condition, issued no more than 10 years ago, valid three months beyond your intended departure date from the Schengen Area, and with at least two blank pagesThe purpose and conditions of your stayDocuments and visas (if any) required by international conventions, which will depend on the circumstances of your visitProof of accommodation: either a hotel reservation or a form filled out by your hostEvidence of your financial ability to live in France: you must have proof that you can spend â‚ ¬65–120â‚ ¬ per day depending on where you will be housed and no less than â‚ ¬32.50 per day if youre staying with familyApproved insurance for medical and hospital expensesGuarantees of repatriationDocuments (if required) for the exercise of a professional activity2 recent photographs according to strict ISO/IECI specificsYour return ticket or the financial means to acquire one at the end of your stayNon-refundable application fee which is t ypically â‚ ¬99 ISO IEC restrictions on photographs which are acceptable for identification are quite specific. The photos must have been taken within the last six months, they must be about 1.5 inches (35-40 mm) in width. The image must be a closeup of your head and top of your shoulders, not too dark or light, your face must take up 70–80% of the photograph. It must be in sharp focus without shadows, you must be standing in front of a plain background, and the picture must not include another person. Dont wear heavy framed glasses, dont wear a hat- if you wear religious headgear your face must be clearly visible. Look at the camera and you can smile, but your mouth must be closed.  You will need several copies during the process. Submitting Your Application After you have filled out your form, you will be given an opportunity to set up an appointment at the VFS Global Centre for your regionbut you can also do it later. Request your appointment through the France-Visas portal.  Bring all of your original documents to the appointment, as well as at least one photocopy of each. The service provider at VFS will receive you, review your application, collect the visa fee, and capture your biometric data (a photo scanned or taken during your appointment, and ten individually-taken fingerprints). She or he will retain your passport and the copies of all your supporting documents in order to forward them to the consulate. You can track the progress of your application online at the France-Visas site; you will be notified when your documents are ready at the VFS Global Centre you applied at. On Arrival To enter France, you will need to offer the following documentation (at least) to the Border police: valid passport and visaproof of accommodationproof of sufficient financial meansyour return ticket or financial means to acquire oneany document providing details on your profession Unless you obtained a VLS-TS, the visa de long sà ©jour does not give you permission to live in France- it gives you permission to apply for the carte de sà ©jour. If your visa has the words carte de sà ©jour solliciter,† you do need to get a residence permit. Start that process within two months of your arrival, at the prefecture of your place of residence within two months of your arrival. If you live in Paris, you must report your presence to police headquartersif you live in another department, you must report to the prefecture or subprefecture of your department   Validate Your Residence Permit (VLS-TS) If you received a VLS-TS visa, you wont need a carte de sà ©jour, but you must validate it within three months of your arrival. While the process is completely online, you will need to provide the information on your long term stay visa, the date you arrived in France, your residential address in France, and your credit card to pay the required issuance fee or electronic stamp.