For many years we have been li... free essay sample

For many years we have been living in a society where depending on our gender and sexuality, we are judged and expected to behave and act certain way to fulfill the societys gender stereotypes. How is so? Since the day we are born we are categorized as a boy or girl bases on our sex. Gender and sexuality refers to two different things. It is of course, composed of male/female or man/woman with different roles and functions of being masculine and feminine. There are people who fall into the categories of male and female, however, some are born with sex organs that do not clearly fit either category, and they are known as intersex. We live in a world which is organized around the idea that women and men have different bodies, different capabilities, and different needs and desired. Nowadays, gender and sexuality has become a major issue to different countries all over the world. We will write a custom essay sample on For many years we have been li or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How to identify what makes a woman and what makes a man, and the revelation of their identity to be accepted in humanity. Knowing the effects of gender and sexuality in cross-cultural context and global context. This paper will discuss an understanding of gender differences and roles in todays society. Gender is a social classification based on ones identity, presentation of self, behavior, and interaction with others. Sociologists view gender as learned behavior and a culturally produced identity. Sex, on the other hand, is a biological classification based on body parts. It is understood by sociologists to be a biological categorization based on reproductive organs. Sociologists and most other social scientists view sex and gender as conceptually distinct. Gender, by contrast, concerns the psychological, social and cultural differences between men and women. Gender is linked to socially constructed notions of masculinity and femininity and is not necessarily or inevitably a direct product of biological sex (Sociology 8th edition, A. Giddens, P.W Sutton, pg. 617). Linda Nicholson argues that it is not enough to claim that the body always comes to us through social interpretation, that is, that sex is subsumable under gender, therefore we cannot look to the body to ground cross-cultural claims about the male/female distinction (1994:83). A persons sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender. Therefore, the terms sex and gender are not interchangeable. In most societies, there is a basic division between gender attributes assigned to males and females that is expectations of masculinity and femininity. Masculinity is the experience of being a man or the formation of male identities. The Australian sociologist Raewyn Connells theory said that masculinity is the most influential theory in the field of men and masculinities. Along with its enormous impact on the field of gender studies, it has also been taken up across a wide range of other disciplines. She notes that masculinity is not just an idea in the head, or a personal identity. It is also extended in the world, merged in organized social relations (1995, pg.29). Kimmel also explains that masculine sexuality is not about mutual pleasuring but the confirmation of masculinity which is based on physical capacities. And these, in turn, require emotional detachment, a phallocentric world view of sexual pleasure, and self-objectification (Kimmel 1990:105). On the other hand, femininity is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with girls and women. According to Connell, there are no femininities that are hegemonic (Connell, 1987). All forms of femininity in this society are constructed in the context of the overall subordination of women to men. For this reason, there is no femininity that holds among women the position held by hegemonic masculinity among men (pg.187). Feminist approach largely focuses on the theory which explain gender inequality. During 1970s, social feminism was increasingly used to describe a mixed theoretical and practical approach to achieving womens equality. Socialist had fought for decades to create more equal society. One famous socialist feminism by Marxism had recognized the oppressive structure of a capitalist society. Like radical feminism, socialist feminism recognized the fundamental oppression of women particularly in a patriarchal society. However, socialist feminists did not recognize gender and only gender as the exclusive basis of all oppression. Rather, they held and continue to hold that class and gender are symbolic. Social feminists wanted to integrate the recognition of sex discrimination within their work to achieve justice and equality for women, for working classes, for the poor and all humanity (Socialist Feminism in Womens History, L. Napikoski, 2018). In relation to this, gender socialization occurs when we are children and refers to the learning that we receive from the people who raise us, that is called Gender norms. This process begins before they are even born, by selecting gender names, by decorating the incoming babys room and selecting its toys and clothes in color-coded and gendered ways that reflect cultural expectations and stereotypes. Then, from infancy, we are socialized by our environment such as, family, educators, religious leaders, peer groups, and the wider community, and mass media who teach us what is expected from us in terms of appearance and behavior. From childhood to adolescent development, resocialization occurs later in life, where we adapt to changes. Many researchers argue that socialization is not a smooth process; different agencies, such as the family, schools and peer groups, may be at odds with one another and do not produce a homogenous socializing experience. Just as, socializations theories underplay the ability of individuals to reject or modify social expectations in their actual practices (Stanley and Wise 1993, 2002). Connells view of socialization says that, children do resist such pressures: boys mix masculine and feminine aspects, whiles some girls determinedly pursue competitive sports, and both boys and girls may behave differently in private to the gendered face they present in public (Connell 1987). Gender identity is defined as a personal conception of oneself as male or female (or rarely, both or neither). This concept is intimately related to the concept of gender role, which is defined as outward manifestations of personality that reflect the gender identity. Gender roles in society means how were expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex. For example, girls and women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine ways and be polite, accommodating, and nurturing while, men are generally expected to be strong, aggressive, and bold. In this present generation, revealing ones identity has become extensive and expressive. Several people have mixed of masculine and feminine traits exposed their sexuality through media to explore and introduce their true sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is a persons emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex. It has been defined to different categories such as; heterosexuality (male and female), the attraction to individuals of the opposite sex; homosexuality (gay, lesbian or transgender), the attraction to individuals of ones own sex; bisexuality, the attraction to individuals of either sex; and asexuality, no attraction to either sex. Some w ould say that, these sexual categories can normally be adapt by hormones or peer influence, but there is no scientific consensus regarding the exact reasons why an individual holds a heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual orientation. There has been research conducted to study the possible genetic, hormonal, developmental, social, and cultural influences on sexual orientation, but there has been no evidence that links sexual orientation to one factor (APA 2008). According to current scientific understanding, individuals are usually aware of their sexual orientation between middle childhood and early adolescence (American Psychological Association 2008). They do not have to participate in sexual activity to be aware of these emotional, romantic, and physical attractions; people can be celibate and still recognize their sexual orientation. Homosexual women (also referred to as lesbians), homosexual men (also referred to as gays), and bisexuals of both genders may have very different experiences of discovering and accepting their sexual orientation. At the point of puberty, some may be able to claim their sexual orientations while others may be unready or unwilling to make their homosexuality or bisexuality known si nce it goes against North American societys historical norms (APA 2008). The term gender dysphoria refers to the distress that occurs when a persons physical sex doesnt match perceived gender. Like a girl may be more interested in rough-and tumble sports and a young man may find his excitement by fashion than football. Before if you were born male, you should only act like a man, and if you were born female, you should act like a woman. Now, people have freedom of expressing and embracing their identity to have self-satisfaction even by changing their physical appearance. Research, however, does present evidence showing that homosexuals and bisexuals are treated differently than heterosexuals in schools, the workplace, and the military. Some homosexuals have been subjected to verbal harassment, physical harassment and cyber-bullying. Former UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said, In too many countries, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people are among the poorest, most marginalized member of the society. Studies show that gay and lesbian people suffer disproportionate discrimination and abuse. Many LGBT Organizations has come up to protect equal rights of those who belong in homosexual and bisexual group all over the world. They created laws that safeguard the rights of all individuals, including LGBTI persons, and ensure that their life, physical integrity, morals and freedoms are respected. Gender and Sexualities in Cross-cultural and Global context Every society contains individuals who do not fit into the cultures dominant sex/gender categories. The cross-cultural record of sex and gender diversity provokes to reexamine the nature and assumptions of our own sex and gender system: the cultural basis of its categories, the relationship between sex and gender and other aspects of culture, and how those who do not fit into our cultures dominant sex and gender paradigms are defined and treated by society. The representation and discourses surrounding sex and gender system in other cultures have been influenced by European moral ethnocentrism since the earliest encounters between Europeans and other people. The imposition of European religions, cultures, law, and economies on non-Western societies, in mo st cases resulted in the marginalization or disappearance of indigenous alternative sex/gender roles (Jacobs,Thomas ; Lang, 1997; Lang, 1999; Martzner 2001, pg. 14-15; Roscoe, 1995) this has also occurred with the spread of Islam to places like West Africa (Matory 1994) and Indonesia (Boellstroff, 2005). Currently, however, there is a reemergence of interest in these systems, by ethnographers, by medical and psychological professionals, by sex and gender variant individuals, and in the wider society as part of constructing national identities or cultural renaissance within the context of modernity. For instance, across the Indian subcontinent hijra are understood as sex/gender system which works outside of a sex/gender binary and exist as a community which is simultaneously culturally specific and politically bounded. According to Nanda (1994), hijra communities include transvestites, castrated men, prostitutes, followers of the mother goddess, and non-menstruating or infertile women. Nanda argues that British colonialism, demographic changes in family size, and increasing Westernization have exerted profound influences on cultural understandings of hijra and their roles in society (Agrawal 1997; Roughgarden 2004). By specifically regulating gender/sex identities, the colonial project in India legally imposed heteronormative binary which marginalized those who stepped outside of the legal bounds of gendered sexuality. (Sex-Gender Diversity: A Cross-cultural Perspective) Apart from this, the historical and modern globalization has a great impact with gender and sexuality. It is discoverd that in all societies today, not one, but several, sex/gender systems with sources in traditional cultures, colonial cultures, and modern cultural influences may operate simultaneously. This means that social location, political history, and economic factors all contribute to changes in cultural constructions of gender and sexuality. During the 1990s, scholars of gender and sexualities were drawn to the postmodern critiques of categories and grand narrative explanations of gender and sexual diversity. Foucaults analysis of governmentality and biopower to, among other things, situate discussion of how different nation-states and specific laws serve to regulate bodies and construct normative sexual citizens and explore how bodies give substance to citizenship and how citizenship matters for bodies (Beasley ; Bacchi 2000, pg 337; Mamo 2007). Contemporary analyses of gender and sexuality are further enriched by attention to intersectionality, cross-national and cross-cultural differences, and globalization. For example, intersectional analyses of violence against women which incorporate attention to global economic restructuring deepen understandings of the complex processes that shape womens lives and bring and bring to light the experiences of social actors who were rarely the subjects of academic research a few decades ago. (Staudt 2008; Villalon 2010). Sociologist of gender and sexualities continue to stress the power of interactionist, social constructionist, and structural perspectives for revealing the complex ways that gender and sexual normativity and inequalities are produced, reproduced, and resisted.

Your Syndicated Newspaper Column †Proving Yourself to Editors

Your Syndicated Newspaper Column – Proving Yourself to Editors Imagine, seeing your Still reading? Good. If the obstacles don’t scare you, you’re on your way. Writing a column is your first step toward syndication. Finding publishing sources and composing your query are the next two. Newspaper editors are the key. You want your column printed in numerous papers, which requires finding numerous editors. You can purchase email lists for a price – often a hefty one. Since I’m trying to keep the cash flowing into my bank account, not out, I find addresses myself – one editor and one state at a time. Most states have a newspaper association website. Some include names of newspapers, editors and email addresses. If that’s the case, you’ll get your information there. It isn’t always this easy. Don’t fear. You can find your information elsewhere online. One website, Mondo Times, bills itself as the worldwide media directory and provides newspaper listings In your initial email, send a short letter describing the column. It’s important to communicate key elements within a few sentences: First paragraph: Pair your name with the name of your column. Include a one or two sentence writing

Teaching statement for assistant professor position application Essay

Teaching statement for assistant professor position application - Essay Example I also direct undergraduate research that involves protein purification and single molecule experiments. The students are working on a single molecule study of metalloregulator-DNA interactions for transcriptional regulation. As their professor for this project, I make sure that students stay on task and that they are producing the results necessary for the project. Prior to my work at Cornell University, I was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Free University in Berlin, Germany. I supervised students, taught theory and monitored an advanced laboratory courses on Methods of Biophysics. I was responsible for all aspects of this course including grading lab reports and monitoring student progress. I learned a great deal about how students approach scientific experiments and their role in supporting and developing experiments. My goal in teaching is to help students learn at both the physical and visceral levels. I want them to learn that science is always changing, no matter what project one is working or how the experiment is running. Sometimes students are afraid that if they do not receive the results they think they should receive, that the experiment is not working. I teach them that science is always challenging and as an experiment moves along, there are times when visceral knowledge is more important than what they are exactly seeing. I have taught physic courses as a lecturer at Katmandu University in Nepal. This opportunity helped me to find ways to mentor students and to make coursework interesting. Many students have said that I am a very approachable professor in my teaching style and I make science interesting. In addition to my teaching experience, I am also an active research scientist. I have presented at many conferences, and I have published extensively on various scientific topics as shown in my resume. As an example, my research in Applied Science (Physics, Chemistry, and Biology) is particularly suited to this position. My PhD dissertation and

Online Marketing (independent women's clothing etailing) Essay

Online Marketing (independent women's clothing etailing) - Essay Example t up its Main Branch at London’s world-class visitor destination simply because it wants to tap the already existing market of Covent Garden and be exposed to tourists and visitors frequenting the area. However great the opportunity is for Closet to introduce its brands and clothing line given its marketing plan, the company still needs to identify its Communications Plan to be assured that it will reach its target market within the desired period and achieve 100% of its financial objectives. Closet shall position itself as a retailer of youthful, yet sophisticated clothing lines aimed at dressing up today’s career women. It will be warm, classy yet accessible to the modern-day cosmopolitan woman. Closet does not really emphasize on age, but on attitude. It would provide clothing to women who require a comfortable yet sophisticated set of wardrobe that would match their career and their fast paced lifestyle. Closet embodies the British Lifestyle. It represents the modern day woman – classy, sophisticated, yet trendy and youthful looking. As a brand, it represents class and elegance, yet it proves to be accessible to all those who wish to acquire the Closet Lifestyle due to its strong presence through various media vehicles. Roughly about 35% of Closet’s monthly operational budget shall be allocated to Advertising and Promotional strategies alone. This includes expenses to be incurred in utilizing mainstream media particularly print advertising; other alternative media; and design and production of merchandising and promotional materials. Mainstream-wise, Closet shall utilize print advertising particularly through tie-ups with different magazines. Although this would not be the company’s primary vehicle in promoting its products, it would just aim to maximize its relationship with these magazines whose websites Closet shall be utilizing in its online campaigns. Internet Marketing has become popular because Internet access is becoming more widely

Have to choose a good topic from the area of ICT or computing Essay

Have to choose a good topic from the area of ICT or computing - Essay Example or your browser automatically installs program without seeking your permission and ends up installing a spyware or you click on a pop up and that triggers a program to install a spyware onto your machine. Apart from hackers, spywares are mainly created by the advertisement companies in order to track the online behavior of users. Along with spywares, the advertisement companies can also infect your system with tracking cookies which can track every site that you have browsed and can fetch the vital personal information. Generally the spywares created by these companies are not as lethal as the ones created by the hackers, in case the companies do not use the information for anything else apart from marketing but these spywares also turn your machine into a data transmitter for these advertisement agencies, seriously affecting the performance of your home based system. Imagine the previous times full of inconvenience and hassles when we had to stand in what appeared to be never ending queues, to execute any transaction at the bank be it some money transfer or even a minor enquiry. We had to spend hours for booking the railway tickets and for paying our utility bills. Then we jumped onto the era of internet where most of the needs of the day are resolved using internet itself. Few individuals now can be seen doing the transactions standing at the bank. But, as the wise people say â€Å"There are no free lunches†, there is a cost associated with this convenience as well. The sole identity that a person has during any online transfer is his password. In case the password to your bank account has been hacked by a smart hacker, after tracking the data from your computer system, he can transfer millions from your account into his account in just a few seconds. To your nightmare, it does not end here. He can sell the vital information, related to your company’s strategy and stored in your system, to the competitor and since the information has been leaked from

UV Of Sodium Aminosalicylate Biology Essay

UV Of Sodium Aminosalicylate Biology Essay Specific absorbance of the sodium aminosalicylate can be determined by using the Beer-Lambert law equation with the presence of the value of concentration of the sodium aminosalicylate and the absorbance values which can be obtained through UV spectrophotometry. The concentration of Unknown solutions can also be determined by getting the absorbance values through the calibration graph, absolute method and comparative method. Introduction UV spectrophotometry is a technique which is based on measuring the absorption of near-UV or visible radiation by molecules. [1] It acts by where the electrons in the bonds within the molecule become excited to reach up to a higher quantum state and in the process to absorb some of the energy passing through the solution. The more loosely the electrons are been held within the bonds of the molecules, the longer will the wavelength of the radiation (lower the energy) been absorbed. [2] Radiation in this wavelength region causes the characteristics of the molecular structure of the molecule to be determined. [1] As there is a broad absorption bands due to different vibrational and rotational energy levels, UV spectrophotometry is used mainly for quantitative purposes rather than identification.[3] Spectrophotometer works by where the sample of the solution is inserted into the spectrometer for the UV/visible light to pass through the sample to get the value of absorbance/transmittance. The value of the absorbance indicates the amount of light being absorbed by the sample. The measurement of light absorption of molecules can be governed by Beer-Lambert law equation, A= e.c.l. With the presence of the absorbance value (A), concentration of the sample (c) and the pathlength of the cell (l), the molar absorptivitiy (e) can therefore be determined. Concentration of an unknown solution can also be determined by measuring its absorbance using the UV spectrophotometry at the selected wavelength. The determination of the concentration of the unknown can be determined by using three methods, which are by using the Beer-Lambert graph, comparative method and absolute method. In this experiment, sodium aminosalicylate will be used as the sample as it is a good absorber of ultraviolet light which allows it to be conveniently to be analysed using spectrophotometry. The purpose of this experiment is to find the specific absorbance of the sodium aminosalicylate solution by using different concentrations of it and also to determine the concentration of the unknown solutions by using calibration graph of Beer-Lambert, comparative method and absolute method. Experimental (a) Absorption Spectrum of Sodium Aminosalicylate in 0.1M NaOH The spectrum of a 1-cm layer of 0.001% solution of sodium aminosalicylate in 0.1M NaOH over the wavelength range 235 to 325nm was been scanned and examined. The wavelengths (ÃŽ »max) and the absorbance values at these wavelengths of the two maxima was then been measured from the spectrum. Approximate specific absorbance [i.e. the absorbance of a 1-cm layer of a 1% solution, A(1%,1cm)] was then been calculated at each of these maxima using the Beer-Lambert equation ; A=A(1%,1cm).c.l Where A= Absorbance A(1%,1cm) = Specific absorbance of a 1 cm layer of a 1% solution c = Concentration (%) l = path length (cm) (b) Beers Law, Specific Absorbance and Molar Absorptivity 50mL volumes of 0.0002, 0.0004, 0.0006 and 0.008 % solutions of sodium aminosalicylate in 0.1M NaOH from the 0.0010 % stock solution had been prepared. One of the ÃŽ »max from (a) had been selected and the wavelength was set to the selected value. The solvent (0.1M NaOH) was been placed in both cells and the absorbance reading of the single beam spectrophotometer was been set to zero. The absorbance was been checked a few nm each side of the selected wavelength using the 0.0010 % and been recorded. The new ÃŽ »max from the table of absorbance values that had been recorded was been selected and the spectrophotometer was been set to that wavelength. The absorbance of a 1-cm layer of each of the five solutions of sodium aminosalicylate that had been prepared earlier were been recorded and replicate readings were been obtained. A graph of absorbance against concentration had been plotted and the specific absorbance had been determined using the gradient of the graph. The molar absorptivi ty of the sodium aminosalicylate in 0.1M NaOH at the selected maximum was been calculated. (c) Determination of Concentrations (i) Calibration Graph The absorbance of a 1-cm layer of Unknown 1 was been determined. Unknown 1 was then been diluted so that its absorbance is in the mid range of the graph of absorbance against concentration. The graph was then been used to determine the concentration of the diluted solution and hence the concentration of Unknown 1 was been calculated. (ii) Absolute Method The absorbance of a 1-cm layer of Unknown 2 was been recorded. The concentration of Unknown 2 was been calculated using the A (1%.1cm) value which had been determined previously. (iii) Comparative Method The wavelength was set to the second ÃŽ »max which had been determined in (a). The absorbance of a 1-cm layer of the 0.0010 % and a 1-cm layer of Unknown 2 was been recorded. The concentration of Unknown 2, C2, using the relationship below, = Results (a) Wavelength / nm Absorbance Reading 264 0.630 300 0.430 Wavelengths (ÃŽ »max) = 264nm and 300nm Concentration) = 0.001 % At 264nm, Specific Absorbance = = = 630 At 300nm, Specific Absorbance = = = 430 (b) ÃŽ »max which been selected from (a) = 264nm Wavelength / nm Absorbance Reading 259 0.584 260 0.588 261 0.588 262 0.582 263 0.573 264 0.559 265 0.546 Table of Absorbance Values New ÃŽ »max selected from table of absorbance = 261nm Concentration of sodium aminosalicylate solution / % First Absorbance Reading Second Absorbance Reading Average Absorbance Reading 0.001 0.608 0.606 0.607 0.0008 0.477 0.482 0.480 0.0006 0.360 0.364 0.362 0.0004 0.243 0.243 0.243 0.0002 0.119 0.123 0.121 Specific Absorbance (Gradient) = = 606.06 From the graph of absorbance reading of 0.46, Concentration of Sodium Aminosalicylate = 0.00076 % RMM of sodium aminosalicylate = 211.15 0.00076 % = 0.00076 g/100mL = 0.0076 g/1000mL = 0.000036 mol/1000mL = 0.000036M By using the Beer Lambert equation, A= e.c.l., e = = = 12777.78 Molar absorptivity (e) of sodium aminosalicylate in 0.1M NaOH at the selected maximum = 12777.78 (c) (i) Type of Solution First Absorbance Reading Second Absorbance Reading Average Absorbance Reading Unknown 1 1.187 1.188 1.188 Diluted Unknown 1 (Unknown 1 + Â ¾ 0.1M NaOH) 0.286 0.287 0.287 Concentration of Diluted Unknown 1 Solution from the graph = 0.00048 % Using the formula C1V1 = C2V2 , (0.00048) (100) = (C2) (25) C2 (Concentration of Unknown 1) = 0.00192 % (ii) Type of Solution First Absorbance Reading Second Absorbance Reading Average Absorbance Reading Unknown 2 0.525 0.525 0.525 Using Beer-Lambert equation, A=A(1%,1cm).c.l A(1%,1cm) = 606.06 l = 1.00 Concentration of Unknown 2 (c) = = 0.000866 % (iii) Wavelength (ÃŽ »max) selected from (a) = 300nm Type of Solution First Absorbance Reading Second Absorbance Reading Average Absorbance Reading 0.0010 % sodium aminosalicylate 0.337 0.336 0.337 Unknown 2 0.300 0.300 0.300 = C2 (Concentration of Unknown 2) = 0.000890 % Discussion From the experiment (a), we can see that the absorbance reading decreases with the increase of the wavelength where 0.630 absorbance value had been recorded at 264nm wavelength and 0.430 absorbance at 300nm wavelength. When wavelength increases, the amount of energy of the molecules of sodium aminosaliylate will decrease as well. Therefore, the amount of light that will be absorbed by the sodium aminosalicylate will decrease which resulting in the decrease in the value of the absorbance. By using the Beer-Lambert law equation, we can know that the specific absorbance of the sample decreases with the decrease of the absorbance value with a fixed concentration of sodium aminosalicylate and pathlength of the cell. In experiment (b), new ÃŽ »max had been selected from the table of absorbance which is 261nm because it had the highest absorbance reading among all values which had been obtained. Repeated readings of absorbance had been recorded when measuring the absorbance values of each of the different concentrations of sodium aminosalicylate. This is to prevent getting an error in the measurement of the absorbance reading in the experiment. When plotting the graph of average absorbance against concentration of sodium aminosalicylate, a linear line was obtained. This shows that the value of absorbance increases with the increase of the concentration of sodium aminosalicylate in the experiment. The value of specific absorbance that had been obtained from the gradient of the graph of average absorbance against concentration of sodium aminosalicylate is 606.06. The value is quite typical which is in the range of 20-1,000. However, the value of the molar absorptivity of the sodium aminosalicylate o btained from the graph is 12777.78 which is more than the typical values ranging from 1,000-100,000. This may be due to some errors produced during the experiment. In experiment (c)(i), the concentration of Unknown 1 obtained from the spectroscopy and calibrating graph are almost the same. However, the concentration of Unknown 1 obtained through the calibrating graph is slightly higher than that of the one obtained from spectroscopy. This might be due to some errors in calibrating the graph. Error in the graph will result in getting an incorrect absorbance reading which will be used to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution. However, several measurements can be recorded to minimize the errors. In experiment (c)(ii) and (iii), the results showed that the concentration of Unknown 2 obtained using absolute method is almost the same with the value of concentration obtained using comparative method. Absolute method can be carried if the value of specific absorbance is known with the presence of the value of absorbance. It works exactly based on the Beer-Lambert law equation and is a preferred method in BP. If the specific absorbance of the solution is not known, then comparative method is preferably to be used as it only needs the absorbance reading of the standard solution and the unknown solution.This is a preferred method in USP and works the best if the standard and sample concentrations are close.[3] As the specific absorbance of sodium aminosalicylate used in (c)(ii) is obtained from experiment (b), there might be some errors in the value of the concentration of Unknown 2 if errors had occurred when calibrating the graph in (b) which resulting in the value of specific abs orbance to be not accurate. Compared to comparative method, only the absorbance reading of the standard and sample solutions obtained from the spectroscopy are required in order to calculate the concentration of Unknown 2. Therefore, in this case the concentration of Unknown 2 using absolute method is not as accurate as the one obtained by using comparative method in this experiment. Conclusion UV spectrophotometry is an universal technique where it can find the value of specific absorbance of a sample using the Beer-Lambert equation with the presence of the other 3 factors value and also to identify the concentration of an unknown either through methods of calibration, absolute and comparative.

African Americans unnoticed :: Essays Papers

African Americans unnoticed For too many years, African Americans have lived without knowing the people who have influenced their way of life. We walk around without taking the time to appreciate the people that have allowed us to go to these black colleges and universities, or the African Americans that have dedicated life their to make life better for all mankind as well as blacks. Women as well men have gone out of their way to make life better for their future. We know that women have influenced life from the beginning of time whether the role of the women is a mother, wife, doctor, or educator. But women have not always been able to advance in society, as men have been able to. As a black women I am proud to hear of women such as Lucy Laney, who she dedicated her life to get funding for black Georgia schools. She believed that women are better teachers than men and that an educated Negro woman is what is needed to teach students of all ages. Annie Julia Cooper was an active participant in the women's organizations in the 1980s. She believed that higher education of the black woman was too rare and did what she could so that young women like me can attend college. Fannie Barrier Williams realized that racism was a major problem, but also realized that sexism was an even greater problem in equality. For, as she said, "to be a colored woman is to be discredite d, mistrusted and often meanly hated." Through times of strife and stress she worked, sometimes successfully, to eliminate discrimination against black women. Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Dubois, Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., and Stokely Carmicheal; these names when said are ones to which black people respond to, because all of these men improved social conditions for African Americans. All were part of large organized mass movement in black history. Each on of these men played a different part in influencing black America. Washington was skilled at politics. He was powerful and influential in both the black and white communities, Washington was a confidential advisor to presidents. DuBois was a public speaker who noted how America tactically sidestepped the issues of color, and how his approach of "educate and agitate" appeared to fall on deaf ears. Marcus Garvey drawing on a gift for oratory, he created "Garveyism" eventually evolved into a religion of success, inspiring millions of black people worldwide who sought relief from racism and colonialism.

Buddhism Worksheet

Economic, soical, and Political changes Marlisa Brown HUM/114 October 4, 2012 Gene Smille University of Phoenix Material Economic, Social, and Political Change Worksheet Agricultural Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors that contributed to the agricultural revolution in Europe? Answer: The three important factors were the warmer temperature, the three-field system, and better farming equipment. 2. How did the agricultural revolution change European society? Provide an example.Answer: The new found, more productive way of farming in Europe reduced the need of manual laboring workers, eliminating many jobs on farm lands creating coil mining jobs to help power the machines. Industrial Revolution Respond to each of the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences: 1. What are the three most important factors that contributed to the industrial revolution in Europe? Answer: The large population, capital, and the people with scientific knowledge, and entrepreneurial skills were among the social, and economic factors that helped make the industrial revolution. . Describe working conditions in factories and mines between 1800 and 1850. What was life like for a typical worker? Reference at least one primary source to support your response. Answer: Working in factories and mines were very dangerous because a lot of deadly accidents happened, like when coal was brought in buckets to the surface, and children helped in the mines they had to work in the dark because some families were too poor for candle light. Western Social Change Between 1815 and 1914Write 2 or 3 sentences per concept about how each of the following changed in Western society between 1815 and 1914: 1. Romanticism: Napoleon was the Emperor; Napoleon had large armies, which consisted of peasants and workers. Napoleon decided to give them a geographic lesson by crisscrossing the continent in Europe. 2. The role of women: Western so ciety believed that the women role was to retire from work and take care of their family and husband at home.Younger women had to work to help around the house of their parents, and then marry in their later years. 3. Science: In 1848, due to political failures of idealism, science had a new look on disillusioned Europeans. The scientific discovery was not great, but was a great find for technical applications. 4. Realism: Art and literature was a rejection of romantic idealism and subjectivity, political failures of the post-1848 era characterized a wide array of artistic and literary endeavors. Western Political Change Between 1815 and 1870Write 2 or 3 sentences per concept about how each of the following changed in Western society between 1815 and 1914: 1. Liberalism: abolished the slave trade in the British Empire. Finally, in 1833, the slave trade was abolished and lots of money was paid back in Caribbean to the owners of the British plantation. 2. Conservatism: In 1819, starte d the Carlsbad decrees, which tried to eliminate national sentiments that came upon the Napoleonic period. The Germans approved decrees against free speech and civil liberties. 3.Kulturekampf: the Kulturkampf began in 1871, escalated sharply until 1878, and then gradually wound down until its end in 1887. 4. The Communist Manifesto: Communist Manifesto is a statement that is by Marxism. Communist Manifesto was mistaken of future development of capitalism. 5. Realpolitik: Bismarck was the supreme practitioner of Realpolitik, this was during realistic politicians age. â€Å"Realpolitik meant that statesmen had to think in terms of military capability, technological dominance, and the acceptable use of force. †

Water Pollution in Bangladesh Essay Example

Water Pollution in Bangladesh Essay Example Water Pollution in Bangladesh Paper Water Pollution in Bangladesh Paper Essay Topic: Water pollution Water is the most vital element among the natural resources, and is crucial for the survival of all living organisms. The environment, economic growth and development of Bangladesh are all highly influenced by water its regional and seasonal availability, and the quality of surface and groundwater. Spatial and seasonal availability of surface and groundwater is highly responsive to the monsoon climate and physiographic of the country. Availability also depends on upstream withdrawal for consumptive and nonconsecutive uses. In terms of quality, the surface water of the country is unprotected from untreated industrial effluents and municipal wastewater, runoff pollution from chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and Oil and lube spillage in the coastal area from the operation of sea and river ports. Bangladesh is the lower riparian of three major river systems, the Ganges- Pad, the Paramount-Jejuna and the Meghan. The aquatic environment for living organisms can be affected and fasciculation of harmful substances in the water-dependent food chain can occur. A variation of inland surface water quality is noticed due to seasonal variation of river flow, operation foundational units and use of agrochemicals. Overall, inland surface water quality in the monsoon season is within tolerable limit with respect to the standard set by the Department of Environment (DoE). Causes of Water Pollution The major causes of degradation of inland water quality are related to land based activities, when adequate regulatory measures are not incorporated and the stakeholders do not show proper concern. The underlying driving forces for this are poverty, an unhealthy national economy, lack of institutional strength, and lack of awareness and education. Pollutants that enter the marine and coastal environment originate on land in the form of runoff from municipal, industrial and agricultural wastes, and from commercial seafaring activities. Industrial effluent In Bangladesh, industrial units are mostly located along the banks of the rivers. There are obvious reasons for this such as provision of transportation for incoming raw materials and outgoing finished products. Unfortunately as a consequence, industrial units drain effluents directly into the rivers without any consideration of the environmental degradation. Region, which comprises bout 49 per cent of the total sector. Inorganic pollutants are mostly metallic salts, and basic and acidic compounds. These inorganic components undergo different chemical and biochemical interactions in the river system, and deteriorate water quality. The most problematic industries for the water sector are textiles, tanneries, pulp and paper mills, fertilizer, industrial chemical production and refineries. A complex mixture of hazardous chemicals, both organic and inorganic, is discharged into the water bodies from all these industries usually without treatment. The highest numbers of industrial establishments in the country are located in the North Central (NC) WATER POLLUTION AND SCARCITY Inland Surface Water Pollution The overall inland surface water quality in the monsoon season is within tolerable limits, with few exceptions, including the rivers Brigands, Ball, Statistical, Grappling, and Rupees. However, concerns over surface water quality are gradually emerging due to the dispersed locations of polluting industries, and the adverse effect on surrounding land and aquatic ecosystems, as well as subsequent impacts on the livelihood system of the local community. The extreme examples of this type of effect are near Dacha at Cinnabar and Saver, where industrial effluents are discharged into nearby land and water bodies without any treatment. Among the polluted areas, the Worst problems are in the River Brigands situated to the south of Dacha, where the most significant source of pollution appears to be from tanneries in the Hazarding area. In the dry season, the dissolved oxygen level becomes very low or non-existent and the river becomes toxic (WARP, AAA). Water quality data at TV0 stations of the river Brigands in 1 998, Hazarding and Chad night, showed that DO and BODY exceeded the tolerable limits in the months of January, February, March and December, with the worst situation prevailing in the months of January and February The seasonal variation of water quality in the Brigands is linked with seasonal variation of water flow and the operation of tanneries. Source: Department of Environment, 2000) Groundwater pollution Groundwater has different uses, but the standard for its quality was set nationally. Groundwater was treated as the best source of safe drinking water, before arsenic contamination was reported. However, 54 per cent of hand pumped tubeless were found to have fecal contamination, due to poor wellhead design, faulty construction and management, but the aquifers themselves were not polluted (Hogue, 1998). Source: SWAM Arsenic High levels of arsenic in groundwater can cause serious human health problems if imbibed for a long time (from 5 to 15 years); including skin ailments, damage to internal organs, skin and lung cancers, and eventual death. The recent major studies carried out on arsenic reveal that among 30,000 tubeless studied, 2,000 of them exceeded the national standard Of . 5 MGM/l for drinking purposes (the WHO guideline is 0. 01 MGM/l). The problem is acute in tubeless abstracting groundwater from 10 m to 1 00 m depths in the Southeast, South Central (the northern part only), and Southwest regions. To a lesser extent, the eastern part of the Northeast region, and the very southern fringe of the North Central and Northwest along the river Ganges are affected. The most seriously affected districts are Chandler, and those around it. It was estimated that more than 20 million people drink water exceeding the national standard for arsenic levels. The resent of arsenic is a naturally occurring phenomenon, but prolonged use of the water can be very harmful when the levels cross the standard limit. Contrary to earlier reports by the press, the available evidence strongly argues against the idea that arsenic contamination originates either from the use of synthetic chemicals, such as wood preservatives, or insecticides. Arsenic contamination has considerably serious implications for groundwater abstraction in affected areas. This impinges on domestic water supply, since groundwater is the preferred source, because compared to surface water it is sees likely to be focally polluted. Already thousands of cases of arsenic poisoning have been recorded among local people, and some deaths have been reported. Clinical studies are being carried Out by the Dacha Community Hospital. In agriculture, there are also serious implications from the possible transfer of arsenic into the food chain through crops that are under irrigation with arsenic-contaminated water, and then consumed by humans. There is little evidence of arsenic contamination in rice grains through irrigation with arsenic contaminated water. However, boiling rice in arsenic-affected water goes lead to its contamination, which causes serious problems. The crops most likely to absorb arsenic from irrigation are leafy vegetables, and possibly coconuts, and melons. These crops pass arsenic into the food chain. The effects of arsenic on pond-reared fishes are now under study. Livestock that drinks arsenic-contaminated water should also be under study, because humans consume these animals and their products. The infiltration Of arsenic-affected water in the soil also needs to be studied, along with possibility of infiltration into shallow aquifers. Source: WARP, Bibb CONCLUSION Water resources need to be managed both qualitatively and quantitatively due to their importance for economic development, and the physical and social environments. Particularly in Bangladesh, where water is intricately linked with the lives of people and economy, its value has increased with competing demand. Therefore, economic efficiency of water use is a major policy consideration. Frequent floods and droughts in Bangladesh impose tremendous variability, and make it difficult to manage development based on prices and the market mechanism. The Government of Bangladesh is acing a number Of growing problems, because it cannot address water sills_Jess in a comprehensive manner. Separate ministries and departments are in charge of pollution control, surface irrigation, groundwater irrigation, fisheries, public health, environment, municipal water supply, power and navigation, and each acting independently.

Free Essays on How To Succeed In Business By Breaking All The Rules

In How To Succeed In Business By Breaking All The Rules: In How To Succeed In Business By Breaking All The Rules: A Plan for Entrepreneurs by Dan S. Kennedy, Scott DeGarmo, it states â€Å"to succeed in business one must be able to use an unorthodox style, which allows that person to break free from ancient ways of thinking, and be able to use new ideas in developing entrepreneurial and business skills.† One way this will be proven is to look at how positive thinking and motivation hamper people in making tough business decisions. Secondly, this will be proven by examining the education system, and showing that one does not always need a university education to perform in a business environment. Thirdly, this will be proven by looking at the behavioral aspects of an entrepreneur, and how an entrepreneur's thinking pattern is quite unique compared to the average person. Finally, this will be proven by looking at the illusions of management and how managers have to adapt if they want to see results. "Forget just about everything you were told about positive thinking and motivation." Positive thinking and motivation can encumber persons in business if not executed properly. People assume by being positive they are in turn motivating people to work hard and complete tasks without impeding their space. This is not entirely true. There is a joke that many motivational speakers tell, as an illustration of positive thinking: "A guy has tripped and fallen off the roof of a thirty-story building. He is falling toward certain death. Some one yells out the fifteenth-story window, 'how are you doing?' And the falling fellow hollers back, 'Okay so far!'" This joke is not an accurate representation of positive thinking, it illustrates stupidity. This joke has taken positive thinking out of proportion. It is okay to be positive when approaching tough situations, but a constant bombardment of motivational thoughts may in turn im... Free Essays on How To Succeed In Business By Breaking All The Rules Free Essays on How To Succeed In Business By Breaking All The Rules In How To Succeed In Business By Breaking All The Rules: In How To Succeed In Business By Breaking All The Rules: A Plan for Entrepreneurs by Dan S. Kennedy, Scott DeGarmo, it states â€Å"to succeed in business one must be able to use an unorthodox style, which allows that person to break free from ancient ways of thinking, and be able to use new ideas in developing entrepreneurial and business skills.† One way this will be proven is to look at how positive thinking and motivation hamper people in making tough business decisions. Secondly, this will be proven by examining the education system, and showing that one does not always need a university education to perform in a business environment. Thirdly, this will be proven by looking at the behavioral aspects of an entrepreneur, and how an entrepreneur's thinking pattern is quite unique compared to the average person. Finally, this will be proven by looking at the illusions of management and how managers have to adapt if they want to see results. "Forget just about everything you were told about positive thinking and motivation." Positive thinking and motivation can encumber persons in business if not executed properly. People assume by being positive they are in turn motivating people to work hard and complete tasks without impeding their space. This is not entirely true. There is a joke that many motivational speakers tell, as an illustration of positive thinking: "A guy has tripped and fallen off the roof of a thirty-story building. He is falling toward certain death. Some one yells out the fifteenth-story window, 'how are you doing?' And the falling fellow hollers back, 'Okay so far!'" This joke is not an accurate representation of positive thinking, it illustrates stupidity. This joke has taken positive thinking out of proportion. It is okay to be positive when approaching tough situations, but a constant bombardment of motivational thoughts may in turn im...

Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Risk Management - Essay Example Most Significant Themes Risks Associated with Fiscal Issues Fiscal risks are another area that was significant to me because of the government’s role in provision for public utilities and in ensuring a potential to control the economy. The most significant risk that is associated with fiscal issues is the scarcity of sources of funds for the government. The government borrows money through bonds that it creates but the market for such bonds may be stretched. Additional bonds in the market is for example associated with anticipated increased interest rates and this is a challenge because lack of finances is the reason for floating bonds and the increased interest rates may be too unbearable for the government. Inability to fund an economy’s budget and pay for existing debts further worsen the risk of scarce resources. Debt limit under fiscal policies is another significant risk (Malin n.p.). While existence of debt is a significant destabilizing factor, established statu tory limits create increases levels of uncertainties among stakeholders such as investors and creditors who may identify future economic instability or the government’s inability to repay its existing debts. ... Government’s ability to advance incentives is another potential risk (Malin n.p.). Diversified policy measures however exist to for preventing the risks from occurring and even managing their impacts in case of occurrence. A review of a fiscal scope that focuses on a wider scope than the budget, debt, and analysis of potential risks in a portfolio are examples. Being strict to operate within predetermined limits is another measure to managing potential exploitation in contracts. Further measures such as analysis of principle fiscal risks and debt sustainability vulnerabilities and review of fiscal inefficiencies and probable liabilities are significant to management of fiscal related risks. Analytical approach to impacts of the fiscal risks is another approach to mitigating effects of the risks (Malin n.p.). Risks of debt limits can also be managed through fiscal policy initiatives. The Federal reserve can for example reduce investments in some public funds and concentrate on demanding needs as a strategy to reducing expenditure and the need for more debt. While sale of debts offers opportunities for reducing debt levels, nonmarketable debts may not be successful and their sale should be suspended. The government can also limit auctions on some securities and even reduce some of its expenditures such as social security benefits payments and advances to some creditors and vendors (Malin n.p.). Foreign Exchange Risk The concept of foreign exchange risk is one of the most significant themes that I derived from the course. Its significance emanates from the increasingly globalized environment that ensure cross border interaction among governments and private sector institutions. The interactions are further associated

Describing the American system of slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Describing the American system of slavery - Essay Example In order to exemplify on the various factors of slavery, it is imperative to focus on two points of view. The purpose for this project is to investigate the things that can be learnt from Jefferson’s and Jacob’s sentiments on the issue of slavery. Several things can be learnt about slavery from Jefferson’s point of view. For instance, the core aim of having slaves was to exploit them in all spheres of life, that is, economically, politically and socially (Jefferson and Nicholas, 493). Slaves were used to clear vast tracts of land and do all other activities pertaining farming. Unfortunately, they never benefited from any proceeds from farming. Most slaves were blacks and the whites had negative feeling towards them. The whites viewed the blacks as a desperate and inferior race that had no future. In fact, the whites saw very many features that differentiated them from the blacks, for instance, body, color, complexion, hair and many others. The blacks were preferred since they were less prone to diseases compared to the whites or other races. The blacks were brave and could work for long hours without getting tired. In addition, the blacks were considered stronger than other races and, therefore, could engage in hard labor without much complains. Some white scholars argue that the blacks have the same memory as that of the whites but when it comes to thinking and imaginations, they are very inferior. The whites believe that the blacks have hundreds of miles to cover as far as the music and entertainment industries are concerned. Their creativity and ability to harmonize different melodies to produce rich contents are yet to improve. The slaves are associated with all evil activates including theft and prostitution. Some whites argue that, due to the poverty experienced in most African countries, the incidents of theft among Africans must remain high. During